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23 Cards in this Set

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Isadora Duncan
used Greek sculpture as a movement source and danced in bare feet and a simple tunic. She created dances that alternated between resisting and yielding to gravity. Her response to the music of romantic composers such as Chopin and Liszt dictated the form of her choreography.
Ruth St. Denis
turned to ethnic and Asian dance styles as a basis and in 1915 she formed the dance company, Denishawn, with her husband, Ted Shawn. She trained dancers to dance as she did, in a diverse range of styles. Later, American choreographers such as Katherine Dunham and Pearl Primus continued her interest in ethnic styles.
German modern dancers
Mary Wigman, Rudolf von Laban, Kurt Jooss and Herald Kreutzberg
The second wave of modern dancers emerged in New York
Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey and Charles Weidman, and the German-American dancer Hanva Holm,
all of who had danced with Denishawn
Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey and Charles Weidman
came from Mary Wigman’s company
Hanva Holm
1930s The second wave of modern dancers
These dancers rejected external movement sources and turned to basic human movement experiences such as breathing and walking. They transformed these natural actions into dance movements.
Early Period – 1900
reaction against the empty spectacle of late 19th-century ballet.

There were two developments that helped inspire a freer kind of dance movement:

- The system of natural expressive gestures – developed by French Actor Francois Delsarte.
- Eurhythmics
- Eurhythmics
– a system for teaching musical rhythms through body movement – created by Swiss music educator, Emile Jacques-Dalcroze.
Francois Delsarte
developed the system of natural expressive gestures
Martha Graham
volved her technique of contraction and release from natural breathing and explored movement initiated in the torso. In the late 1930s she became interested in narrative structure and literary subject matter. Together with Japanese-American sculptor Isamu Noguchi, she created narrative locales that were both mythic and psychic. She danced the roles of female protagonists confronting moments of crisis whilst other dancers represented various aspects of the protagonist’s self in crisis.
Doris Humphrey
evolved her technique of fall and recovery from the natural dynamic of the human footfall. This technique became a metaphor for the relationship of the individual to a greater force. After Humphrey stopped performing, she continued to choreograph for her protégé, Mexican-American dancer and choreographer, Jose Limon. The choreographic sources for her late works were words and gestures rather than her own movement experiences.
Hanya Holm
worked in a more varied range and created humorous dances of social commentary. Beginning in the late 1940s, she also choreographed for musicals, being one of the first to bring the style of modern dance to the Broadway stage.
Twyla Tharp
found their movement sources in the proliferation of 20th-century dance styles and their works combined and fused techniques drawn from social dance, ballet and modern dance. She began her career as part of the 1960s avant-garde. During this time of social upheaval, the American dancers Yvonne Rainer, Trisha Brown, Meredith Monk, and other created works at the extreme limit of what is considered dance.
Merce Cunningham
fused Grahams technique with ballet, locating the source of movement in the spine. He organized the changes of movement through methods based on chance, and considered music and décor independent of the dance. His works revealed individual dancers experiencing their relation to present time and abstract space.
James Waring and Twyla Tharp
have worked with both ballet companies and their own modern companies. Along with Paul Taylor and Alwin Nikolais, they display a choreographic sense of humour.
"The Green Table" (1932)
KURT JOOSS & SIGRID LEEDER.an Expressionist vision of the horrors of war which contained a famous scene of masked diplomats negotiating round the Green Table.
Denishawn
The school and dance company started by RUTH ST DENIS and TED SHAWN. increased the popularity of modern dance throughout the United States and abroad and nurtured the leaders of the second generation of modern dancers amongst whom we must count Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey and Charles Weidman who were pupils at the school and members of the company.
all male group
"Ted Shawn and His men Dancers"
MERCE CUNNINGHAM
Chance dance? pedestrian?
Loui Fuller
(early) known for her lighting effects.
ALVIN ALLEY
revelations, all black dance company
merce cunningham
chance operations