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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cows provide
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Protein
Energy Minerals Vitamins |
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Lactose
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Glucose + Galactose
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Lactose Intolerance
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Problem with completely processing milk Sugar (lactose)
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Milk Allergy
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Reaction to one or more of the Protein components in milk
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Holsteins Characteristics
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Larges US Dairy Breed
Black and White Highest production |
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Jerseys Characteristics
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smallest breed
fawn colored highest % fat and protein |
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Guernseys
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fawn and white
golden Guernseys B-Carotene |
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Birth
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single offspring
heifer 85-100lbs bulls 95-120lbs |
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Digestion
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4 stomachs
largest called rumen designed to digest high fiber, low quality feeds |
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Normal Reproductive Cycle
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Day 1: Calf is born
Day 90: Cow Conceives Day 305: Cow Dried off |
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Cow Lactating Cycle
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Day 1-305: Cow is lactating
Day 305-365: Not lactating |
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Lbs/Gallon of Milk
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8.6lbs/Gallon of Milk
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Udder Sections
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4 Quarters
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Oxytocin acts here
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Myoepithelial cells
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Oxytocin has a short half life
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within 2 minutes 50% is removed from circulation forever
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Milking Machine
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simulates what a calf would do
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Cluster
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Claw and Teatcups
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Atmospheric pressure
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30"Hg
760mmHg 100kPa 14.7 Psi |
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Milking Pressure
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15"Hg
380mmHg 50kPa 7.4Psi |
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Rest stage
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Milk is not flowing
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Milk Phase
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Milk flowing from the teat
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Milk Composition
1-4 |
Total Solids
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Milk Composition
2-5 |
Solids Not Fat (SNF)
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Fat %
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3.7%
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Protein %
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3.2%
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Protein
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Caseins Cheesemaking
Whey Proteins- a-Lactalbumin and b-Lactoglobulin |
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Lactose %
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4.9%
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Minerals %
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0.7%
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Minerals (Vitamins)
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ASH
Ca, P, K Vitamins - A, B complex, D, E, and K |
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Water %
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87.5%
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Amino Acids
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quantity and quality determine milks high biological value
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Minerals
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Ca, P, K
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Calcium deficiency
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Osteoporosis
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Fat Soluble Vitamins
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A, D, E, K
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Vitamin A Function
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Vision
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Vitamin D Function
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Calcium Absorption
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Vitamin E Function
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Hair, Skin,steroid Hormone
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Vitamin K Function
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Blood Clotting
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Water Soluble Vitamins
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B Complex
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Colostrum
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Affects milk composition
only given in the first 2-5 days of lactation |
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Persistancy
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ability for a cow to maintain production level throughout the lactation cycle. mostly for first lactation cycle
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Normal Daily Variation
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Nutritional fluctuation
Estrus Disease Excitement |
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Mature Equivalent
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2 yrs 75%
5 yrs 100% |
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Thermal stress
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starts around 70
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Displaced abomasum
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Twisted stomach
DA |
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Affects on Butterfat
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Fiber shortage
range between 40:60 or 60:40 |
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Fiber less than 40%
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butterfat % will be reduced and cows digestive health suffers
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Bst Increase
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Insulin-like growth factor
IGF1 |
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Estrous
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Heat cycle 21 days long
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Estrus
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standing heat 12-18hrs
times when cow will accept the bull |
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Test when milk is picked up
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antibiotic residue
bacteriological counts specific coliform counts |
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Milk composition with respect to fat
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whole milk 3.5%
reduced fat 2.0% lite milk 1.0% skim <.02% |
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Pasteurization
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designed to kill pathogenic
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Pounds of Milk to Make pounds of Cheese
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9-10 pounds of Cheese per 100 gallons of Milk
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Milk evaluation
Cooked/Feed |
Normal
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Milk evaluation
sunlight activated oxidation |
common in milk stored in plastic containers
Burned cabbage taste |
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Milk evaluation
High Acid |
caused by non pathogenic bacteria and produce lactic acid
buttermilk taste |
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Milk evaluation
Rancid |
disruption in of the fat globule
goaty parmesan cheese smell |
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Milk evaluation
Malty |
microbes multiply if milk is let to warm
sweet taste |
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Milk evaluation
flat |
water down
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