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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CD14 recognizes what?
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LPS
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TLRs activate what downstream?
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NFkB
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Proteins that bind intracellularly to TLR receptors are related to what pathway?
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IL-1 signalling pathway
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Can a cell have more than one TLR?
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Yes
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LPS binds to what three things?
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CD14, MD2 and TLR4
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What does C Reactice protein do?
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Opsonin and is involved in complement.
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Cytokines in innate immunity are produced by what?
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Macrophages and NK cells
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Cytokines in adaptive immunityare produced by?
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Lymphocytes
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The innate cytokines are? They are inhibited by what?
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1. IL-1 TNF and IL-12
2. Corticosteroids |
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What predominantly activates TNF?
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LPS
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What are the two TNF receptors and what are their finctions?
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1. TNFR-1: transcription and apoptosis
2. TNFR-2: transcription |
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TNF and IL-1 are endogenous...
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Pyrogens
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At very high concentrations (septic shock) of TNF and IL-1 you see...
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Myocardial contractility, profound vasodilation, thrombosis, severe metabolic disturbance.
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What two diseases are treated with TNF antibodies? What is a complication of this therapy?
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1. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Crohn’s Disease
2. Susceptibility to infection, especially TB and histoplasmosis |
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What stimulates IL-1?
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TNF and LPS
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Unlike TNF, IL-1 is lacking what effect?
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Apoptosis
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What cytokine is most involved in the bridge between innate and adaptive immunity?
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IL-12
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How is IL-12 produced?
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Dimer
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IL-12 causes an increase in the production of what by T cells?
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INF-Gamma
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What does IL-12 do in terms of differentiation?
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It causes T cells to differentiate into TH1 cells
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Type 1 interferons include? What are they used to treat?
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INF-Alpha - Made by one cell type
INF-Beta - made by many cells They are used to treat viral infections like Hep C and they can also be used to treat MS |
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INF-Gamma is produced by what type of cells? What does it bind to? What does it do?
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1. NK cells and TH1 cells
2. Type 1 receptor that activates Stat-1 3. It activates macrophages by inducing the production of activated oxygen and nitrogen radicals. It is especially important in killing intracellular pathogens. |
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This IL is an inhibitor of immune activation and tends to decrease macrophage activation.
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IL-10
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This IL increases acute phase proteins and increases neutrophil production and is inhibitory to the adaptive response while promoting the innate response.
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IL-6
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This IL is an early stimulant for Nk proliferation in viral infection.
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IL-15
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This IL synergizes with Il-12 to increase IFN-gamma production.
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IL-18
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