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308 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
An industry operating an 8-hour shift, 5 days per week, generates 100,000 gallons of wastewater per shift. Their pretreatment system has a capacity of 150 gallons per minute. How long must the pretreatment facility operate to process the wastewater generated each day?
11.1 hours
An industry has five sewer connections with the following discharge rates: 1) 300 gpd, 2) 75 gpd, 3) 725 gpd, 4) 1,200 gpd, 5) 200 gpd A flow-weighted composite sample of 5 liters is desired. How many milliliters of sample from each connection should be composited?
600, 150, 1450, 2400, 400
Prohibited discharges from industrial users to POTWs, as stipulated in the Clean Water Act, are pollutants that:
create a fire or explosion hazard in the sewer or POTW.
"MSDS" is an acronym for what?
Material Safety Data Sheet
Safety hazards associated with hydrogen sulfide in sewer systems include:
toxic gasses.
A significant industrial user can be defined as:
a federal categorical industrial user.
Lead acetate paper is used to determine the presence of:
hydrogen sulfide.
What is the average detention time, in minutes, for a 40,000 gpd flow going through a 1,500-gallon interceptor?
54 minutes
The following type of flow measuring device can be installed in a pipe flowing full:
Venturi.
What total volume of spill containment capacity in gallons is needed for the following tanks if a 12-inch rainfall occurs during a 24-hour period on a common 200-foot by 200-foot spill-containment pad? Assume 100 percent containment of all tank capacity is needed. Tank I: Cube, 6 ft wide, 6 ft long, and 6 ft high. Tank II: Rectangular, 4 ft wide, 20 ft long, and 3 ft high. Tank III: Cylindrical, 8 ft in diameter and 9 ft high.
305,992 gallons
An industry has a wastewater discharge of 10,000 gallons per day containing 5 mg/L of copper. What is the industry's mass emission rate of copper in pounds per day?
0.42 lb/day
What kind of container and preservative is required for samples to be analyzed for oil and grease?
Glass, Cool 4°C, H2SO4 to pH<2
A chain-of-custody form:
is the ability to trace sample possession and handling from collection through analysis.
The BOD determination is an empirical test in which standardized laboratory procedures are used to:
determine the relative oxygen requirements of wastewaters, effluents, and polluted waters.
A confined space is one that:
is large enough to enter and work in, has a restricted entry/exit, and is not meant for continuous occupancy.
Industrial plants producing wastes with a high suspended solids content include:
breweries.
Whenever an inspector or sampling technician is in a manhole, how many people should there be above to respond in the event of an emergency?
Two
Alkalinity is reported as:
alkalinity, mg/L CaCO3.
What is the normality of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution of 25 mL if a 0.01 N sulfuric acid solution neutralizes 100 mL of the NaOH solution?
0.0025 N
A major pollutant of concern from a printed circuit board shop is:
copper.
To find the proper protective gear to use while inspecting an area where a hazardous chemical is used, you would:
check the MSDS for chemicals used.
Why are gasoline and volatile solvents objectionable when present in a sewer?
They can produce an explosion hazard.
When inspecting a plating shop, personal protective equipment would include:
eye goggles or face shield, chemical resistant gloves, and overalls.
A solution with a pH of 5 has a concentration of hydrogen ions that is how many times higher than a solution with a pH of 7?
100 times higher
High pH wastewater is neutralized by adding:
H2SO4.
When working in the street, signs and cones are needed when:
over half of the street is blocked.
What is the danger of asphyxiation set point for oxygen on an atmospheric monitor?
19.5 percent
A common technology to recover chemicals from rinse water include:
ion exchange.
Is an essential part of any sampling quality control methodology:
Proper cleaning techniques for sampling equipment
What are the types of stormwater pollution?
Sediment,BOD,Nutrients
How often must SIUs be inspected?
Once a year
A solution of ferrous chloride used at a pretreatment facility contains 30 percent ferrous chloride and has a density of 1.33 g/mL. How many grams of ferrous chloride are in one liter of the solution?
399 grams per liter
Sodium hydroxide is commonly referred to as:
caustic soda.
Which of the following does an ultrafiltration system remove from wastewater?
suspended solids.
Low pH wstewater is neutralized by adding:
NaOH.
A solution with a pH of 5 has a concentration of hydrogen ions that is how many times higher than a solution with a pH of 7?
100 times higher
What is the normality of a sodium hydroxide solution of 25 ml if 0.01 N sulfuric acid solution neutralizes 100 mL of the NaOH solution?
0.0025 N
A cyanide destruction process is designed to treat 30 pounds of cyanide per 24-hour operational day. How many pounds of cyanide can be treated during an 8-hour shift?
10
A POTW must retain Industrial User records for a minimum of:
3 years
The Federal Act that introduced the concept of cradle to grave manifesting for hazardous waste products is:
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
Waste discharge regulations can be concentration- or mass-based except for:
pH and temperature.
New Categorical Dischargers must submit a Baseline Monitoring Report to the POTW control authority prior to the planned commencement of discharge by at least:
90 days
The State NPDES General Permit for storm water from Industrial Activities covers industries subject to federal storm water effluent limitation guidelines under 40 CFR, Subchapter N. Which of the following industries falls under this category?
Cattle feedlot
An industry has a wastewater discharge of 10,000 gallons per day containing 5 mg/L of copper. What is the industry's mass emission rate of copper in pounds per day?
0.42
An industry has five sewer connections with the following discharge rates: 1) 300 gpd, 2) 75 gpd, 3) 725 gpd, 4)1,200gpd, 5) 200 gpd. A flow-weighted composite sample of 5 liters is desired. How many milliliters of sample from each connection should be composited?
600, 150, 1450, 2400, 400
An industry has a 36,000-gpd discharge in a sixteen-hour day. A composite sample of 2 liters is needed. The sampler is set to take 125 ml. Each time the pump is activated. For a flow proportional sample, at what gallon interval should the sampler activate to take a sample?
2,250 gallons
Lead acetate paper is used to determine the presence of:
hydrogen sulfide.
In a normally distributed population of sampling data, what percent of the data points will fall within one standard deviation?
68.3
What kind of container and preservative is required for samples to be analyzed for oil and grease?
Glass, Cool 4°C, H2SO4 to pH < 2
In open channel flow measurement, the term "primary element" is used to denote the:
measuring structure that contains the water.
A solution of ferrous chloride used at a pretreatment facility contains 30 percent ferrous chloride and has a density of 1.33 g/mL. How many grams of ferrous chloride are in one liter of solution?
399
19. You want to measure the flow in an 8-inch diameter city sewer line. If you use the Manning formula, what additional data will you need to gather to calculate the flow rate in the downstream manhole?
Pipe length, invert elevation at both ends, water depth at downstream end, and pipe roughness coefficient.
Why are septum vials used for TTO samples?
To prevent sample contact with air
The scouring velocity in a sewer is the speed of wastewater that will:
Prevent the deposition and buildup of solids.
22. Flatter sewer line grades may cause added sewer maintenance expense and odor nuisance. The problem is most likely cased by:
A decrease in velocity allowing organic and inorganic solids to settle out
A cyanide-bearing waste is to be treated by a batch process using the alkaline chlorination method. The cyanide holding tank contains 6,000 gallons with a cyanide concentration of 15 mg/L. Seven pounds of caustic soda and eight pounds of chlorine are required to oxidize one pound of cyanide to nitrogen gas. How many pounds of chlorine are needed?
6.0
What types of control devices are used to stop and start pumps?
Floats
What type of pump is used in lift station wet wells?
Submersible
What is the main purpose of gate valves in a lift station?
To isolate the lift station from the wastewater collection system during maintenance
Which of the following is not a suspended growth biological treatment system?
Trickling filter
Activated sludge is wasted from the reactor to:
control the sludge age.
A method commonly used to thicken activated sludge prior to treatment is:
dissolved air flotation.
A metal finishing facility generates nickel-plating sludge from the clarifier of its pretreatment system. The clarifier sludge is 6,000 mg/L and 2 percent of the treatment plant inflow of 50,000 gallons per day. The sludge is dewatered in a filter press, 5 days per week, and shipped off site for disposal as hazardous waste once per week. If the filter press cake is 25 percent solids, how many pounds of dewatered sludge should be manifested as hazardous waste each week, assuming a cake density of 8.34 lbs/gallon?
1,000
Which method below is not used to stabilize municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge?
Contact stabilization
What is the first safety planning step prior to making a pretreatment inspection?
Review the facility's industrial waste permit application and correspondence file
What is a common cause of oxygen deficiency in a sewer manhole?
Bacterial action that replaces oxygen with other gasses
How many different areas of traffic zones are there when working in roadways?
Five
What does "transition area" mean in traffic control?
Moves traffic out of its normal path
Permit space emergency personnel must have the following training
Enter and rescue procedures
How does sewer system confined space entry differ from other permit and non-permit entries?
There rarely exists any way to completely isolate the space
What is always required when working in a confined space?
Continuous air monitoring
Oxygen deficiency occurs when the oxygen level is less than ____ by volume
19.5%
Hydrogen sulfide smells like ___________ (at high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, however, the sense of smell is deadened and no odor is detected).
Rotten eggs
The lack of an unpleasant odor in a manhole, lift station, or other structures does not always mean that dangerous gases are not present because
Some dangerous gases have no odor
The following type of flow measuring device can be installed in a pipe flowing full:
Venturi meter.
An ultrafiltration system removes _______ from wastewater.
suspended solids
A major pollutant of concern (POC) from a printed circuit board shop is:
copper
Emulsified oil is commonly removed from wastewater by:
dissolved air flotation.
Which one of the following items is a major characteristic of the wastes produced by a cannery?
High dissolved organic matter
While inspecting a chrome reduction tank in a pretreatment facility, you notice that the ORP reading is out of its proper range. The first thing you should check to determine the cause of the problem is:
the range of pH values.
Metal plating industries use ion exchange for:
byproduct recovery.
A recoverable chemical from textile mill waste is:
caustic soda
Non-storm water discharges to storm drains that are generally not permitted under municipal NPDES storm water discharge permits include:
automobile detailing.
Industries discharging storm water under a General Storm Water Permit are required to sample:
storm water from outside industrial activities.
A representative sample is:
Similar to the larger body of wastestream being sampled
Pretreatment inspectors with proper credentials are authorized by _______ to enter any premises of an industrial discharger for the purposes of inspection, sampling, examination of records required to be kept by the POTW, and to set up devises necessary to conduct sampling, monitoring and metering operations.
Local sewer-use ordinances
What type of waste discharge into a sewer may create a toxic atmosphere?
Cyanide waste from metal finishers
What is the main focus of pollution prevention?
Minimizing the amount of waste generated
What is waste minimization?
Reduction of hazardous waste
What is the primary role of the pretreatment facility inspector?
Enforce regulations intended to protect the POTWs and the environment
What do current trends indicate regarding future job opportunities for pretreatment facility inspectors?
Increasing
Why do pretreatment inspectors need computer skills?
Become more efficient
Conventional pollutants include:
BOD, Oil and Grease, Suspended Solids
The objectives of the General Pretreatment Regulations are to:
Improve opportunities to reclaim and recycle sludge, reduce the health and environmental risks from pollution, and prevent the :interference with use or disposal of sludge, operation of POTW and introduction of pollutants which pass through treatment works
What is the purpose of an industrial waste pretreatment program?
The protection of agency personnel, capital facilities, the community, and the environment and to provide pollution prevention guidance to industry.
What damages could be caused to a POTW agency's collection system by industrial wastes?
Clogging the sewers, corrosion of sewers, and explosions from flammable wastes
Which areas of endeavor are covered by pollution prevention?
Good operating practices, material substitution, process modification, and product reformation
What does a pretreatment facility inspector inspect?
Industrial manufacturing facilities, pretreatment facilities, and raw and spent material storage facilities
What are the roles of pretreatment inspectors when involved with criminal prosecution of pretreatment violations?
Conduct investigations for evidence, develop sources of information regarding violations, ensure collection of reliable samples, and present evidence in a convincing manner
Who must pretreatment inspectors have the ability to deal with tactfully and effectively?
Industrial representatives, members of the public, other regulatory officials, politicians, and their employers
What activities relating to computers should pretreatment inspectors be able to perform?
Do word processing, use local area networks, use online bulletin boards, use software database systems, and wire interconnections to equipment
What do industrial wastewater discharge permits do? Grant permission to an industrial user to discharge its wastewater into the
Wastewater collection system.
12. What positive benefit can communities provide industrial companies with regard to industrial wastewater?
Adequate treatment services are available
13. What is the most forceful compliance procedure available to a POTW?
Revoking permission to discharge to a sewer
14. What is the best method to determine what industrial dischargers are placing in the collection system?
Laboratory chemical analyses
15. What does a spill containment program require?
Tanks located within a berm that will prevent leaks from reaching a sewer
16. What is the purpose of a computer modem?
Allows connection to other computers
17. What group acts as a counterbalancing force to the environmental movement?
industrial lobbying group
18 What is the mode of conduct that works best with reporters?
Courtesy, cooperation and candor
19. What should be the goal of relations with news media personnel?
Presenting a good public image
20. What should a pretreatment facility inspector do when industrial personnel attempt to obtain favoritism?
Report attempt to supervisor
21. What factors determine the staffing needs of an industrial waste program?
Amount of industrial waste flow and Size of agency
22. What basic types of charges are made directly to industry for a wastewater treatment program?
Charges proportional to wastewater discharge , Sewer-use fees, and Water bill charges
23. What are the basic elements of a pretreatment program?
Frequency of inspection, Inspection of companies, Monitoring of discharges, Permission to discharge, and Pollution prevention
24. Why should field inspection personnel be rotated to new areas periodically?
To avoid stagnation of the inspector, To develop wide experience, and To see new geographical areas
25. What are the main functions of a POTW collecting revenue from industrial companies? To recover the costs of
Industrial waste section functions, Pretreatment inspection, and Providing wastewater collection, treatment and disposal.
26. What factors should be considered when determining the level of enforcement response?
Consistency, Duration of noncompliance, Equity, Fairness, and integrity of program
27. How can pollution prevention activities benefit companies?
Improve public image and employee morale
28. What serious problems encountered in the proper operation of a POTW agency can originate from industrial wastewater discharges?
Fires and explosions in collection systems, Serious structural corrosion problems in sewers, and Toxic upsets of biological processes
29. What factors should be considered when purchasing a personal computer?
Expandability, Relative costs, and Service
30. What is the purpose of database management systems?
To organize data, To record data, and To selectively print data
11. EPA recognizes what two types of dischargers in its efforts to control the flow of pollutants into water?
Direct and indirect
12. Which pollutant is a conventional pollutant?
Oil and grease
13. What are receiving water standards based on?
Tolerance of stream to pollutants
14. The Clean Water Act provides that POTWs may grant removal credit to indirect dischargers based on what? Degree of removal
Actually achieved at the POTW.
15. What two types of categorical standards are used in the EPA pretreatment program?
Concentration-based and production-based standards
16. When may civil remedies in the form of an injunction be appropriate?
To prevent threatened discharge of pollutants to POTW
17. What procedure is required of a POTW for compliance with public notification requirements? Publish in largest daily newspaper in municipality a list of IUs
In significant noncompliance with pretreatment requirements.
18. How could some companies look favorably on fines?
Cost of fine could be less expensive than implementing pollution control.
19. What does a local pretreatment program need to have the legal authority, procedures, funding and personnel to do?
Deny permission to discharge pollutants from industrial users (IUs) to the POTW, Identify and locate lUs affected by EPA regulations, Perform inspection and monitoring activities to ensure compliance with standards, and Require compliance by IUs with pretreatment standards
20. What types of pollutants or conditions are regulated by the General Pretreatment Regulations? Those that
Contaminate sludge, Interfere with treatment, and Pass through treatment system.
21. What categories of pollutants are regulated by the Specific Prohibitions in the Prohibited Discharge Standards? Those which
Are corrosive, Are a fire or explosion hazard, and Result in toxic gases.
22 IUs must notify the POTW of what types of slug loadings?
Corrosive pollutants, Fire or explosion hazards, Oxygen demanding pollutants, Solid or viscous pollutants, and Thermal pollutants
23. EPA has promulgated both concentration- and mass- based pretreatment standards for which of the following categories?
Pulp, paper and paperboard manufacturing
24. What are the basic elements of a toxic management plan?
Identification of toxic organics used, Method of disposal, Quantity of each toxic organic used, and Use of each toxic organic
25. A Wastewater Ordinance may limit what types of wastes? Those that
Create a nuisance, Damage the system, Harm the environment, Impose unreasonable costs, and Menace public health.
26. Which criteria are used to determine if a violation is significant noncompliance?
Discharge of pollutant that has caused imminent endangerment to human health, Failure to accurately report noncompliance, and Failure to provide required reports within 30 days after due date
27. What factors should be considered when assessing penalties?
Large enough to deter future noncompliance, Penalties should be calculated on a logical basis, Penalties should be uniform, and Recovery of economic benefit for noncompliance
28. What actions are considered by a POTW for serious violations of the Wastewater Ordinance?
Filing criminal actions, Revocation of wastewater discharge permit, and Suspension of wastewater discharge permit
9. Why should inspectors be on close working terms with sewer maintenance crews? So that
Potential problems can be detected and corrected.
10. What is the purpose of an unannounced industrial inspection?
To check on effluent quality
11. What happens when a clarifier’s capacity to hold solids or oil is exceeded?
Materials must be pumped out.
12. What will be collected in a clarifier if the passages connecting the stages are near the bottom?
Oil and other floatables
13. How can slugs of concentrated wastes be prevented from overloading the final treatment system?
Spill containment
14. Why should container labels be checked within each spill containment area?
Verify that incompatible chemicals are not stored together.
15. Why are floor drains NOT allowed in chemical storage areas?
Due to risk of spills
16. Why are compliance meeting follow-up letters important?
To outline what was agreed upon during the meeting
17. What factors influence the frequency of on-site inspections?
Analysis of self-monitoring reports, Nature of discharge, and POTW agency's personnel resources
18. What circumstances may require an investigation of sewer lines?
Emergency response to explosive conditions, Foaming in a sewer line, Scaling or corrosion in a sewer line, and Stoppages that cause flow onto streets
19. What are the options available to an inspector if a request for entry to perform an inspection is denied?
Call supervisor for direction, Exercise authority to enter facility without permission, Issue a citation for denial of access, and Leave and immediately collect samples for analysis
20. What are the levels of inspection necessary for a complete inspection?
Effluent treatment equipment, General tour, In-plant wastewater control equipment, and Outfall
21. What procedures should be followed when collecting industrial effluent samples?
Follow chain of custody procedures, Preserve samples properly, and Use proper sampling techniques
22. Final industrial effluent meters can provide continuous monitoring of what water quality indicators?
Conductivity, LEL, ORP, and pH
23. Why are holding ponds installed?
Allow for batch treatment, Dampen hydraulic surges, Hold water for off-peak discharges, Lower peak flows, and Provide for evaporation
24. Cooling tower bleeds that flow to the sewer should be checked for overdoses of what chemicals?
Acids, Algicides, and Chromate
25. What are possible types of enforcement actions?
Administrative orders, Cease discharge orders, Fines, Verbal warnings, and Written notices of violations
26. What are possible sources of complaints?
Company informants, In-sewer surveillance monitoring, Neighborhood reports of odors, and Referral from another agency
11. Failure to report an injury should be considered
Grounds for disciplinary action.
12. What Should you do if you encounter an unsafe condition or situation?
Remove yourself from the area and warn others.
13. How does an inspector determine what safety equipment should be taken on an inspection?
Review the firm's permit application and correspondence file.
14. What is the BEST source of information regarding chemical products and their hazardous nature?
MSDS
15. What is the most common toxic gas that is encountered during sampling work?
Hydrogen sulfide
16. What is the most important thing to remember about entering a confined space?
Recognize a confined space.
17. What is the main responsibility of NIOSH?
Undertaking research and development programs
18. Why is a safety library important? The safety library serves as a
Readily available source of safety information.
19. What are the inspector's responsibilities regarding safety?
Apply safe work practices learned on the job, Inform your supervisor of unsafe conditions, Participate actively in safety training, Recognize hazards of the job, and Take precautionary measures which will ensure your own safety
20. What safety equipment must be in each inspector's vehicle?
Fire extinguisher, First aid kit, and Spill control pillows
21. What items are an inspector's personal safety equipment?
Earplugs, Gloves, and Hard hat
22. What factors influence traffic control strategies?
Congestion, Local regulations, Time of day, and Traffic speed
23. What are the most commonly encountered atmospheric hazards associated with work in confined spaces?
Flammable/explosive gases, Oxygen deficiency/enrichment, and Toxic gases
24. What are possible sources of flammable or explosive gases, mists and vapors in sewers?
Accidental discharges, Leaking underground storage tanks, and Spills
25. When an inspector enters a confined space, what protective clothing and equipment are needed?
Eye protection, Foot protection, Full-body, parachute-type harness, Gloves, and Hard hat
26. What items are on a confined space entry form?
Explosive vapors less than 10% of LEL, Protective equipment and rescue devices, and Space ventilation
27. What chemical hazards can be encountered while performing industrial waste pretreatment inspection work?
Carcinogens, Explosive gases, and Toxics
28. What are the major categories of hazardous materials encountered during sampling work?
Corrosive materials, Poisonous or toxic gases, and Solvents and flammable materials
29. Before a manhole cover is removed, what must the atmosphere within the manhole be tested for?
Explosive gases, Hydrogen sulfide gas, and Oxygen deficiency/enrichment
30. What important information is found on a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?
First aid measures, Hazardous ingredients, Personal protection, and Spill, leak, and disposal procedures
11. What are composite samples collected to measure?
Average amount of pollutants
12. What factor influences the decision to use disposable or reusable containers?
Economics
13. When is industrial self-monitoring valuable?
When industry has sincere wish to comply
14. When are grab samples useful?
For enforcing discharge standards
15. Why are some samples identified with only a number when submitted to the laboratory for analysis?
To ensure unbiased analyses by the technicians
16. What is the main goal of sample storage procedures?
To maintain integrity of sample until analysis
17. What is meant by chain of custody?
A record of every person who has access to a sample
18. What is the function of the QA program?
To assure the quality of the measurement data
19. Why are samples collected?
Check compliance with local standards, Determine strength to accurately assess discharge/ use fees, Search for prohibited wastes, Verify industry monitoring points, and Verify self-monitoring data
20. Certified laboratories are evaluated in what areas?
Ability to accurately run the analyses, Adequate equipment to perform the analyses, and Personnel with adequate training
21. What are gas chromatographs used to do?
Detect organic compounds, Quantify organic compounds, and Separate organic compounds
22. What factors must be considered when selecting a sample container?
Material, Shape, and Size
23. What pieces of sampling equipment must be properly cleaned?
Automatic samplers, Buckets, Dippers, Graduate cylinders, and Inside of coolers
24. What methods are used to preserve samples?
Acids, Bases, and Refrigeration
25. A laboratory analyst can be confident of test results provided the samples are properly
Collected, Stored, and Transported
26. When are disposable bottles usually a better alternative than reusable bottles?
It is necessary to hire someone to wash bottles and They are less costly than using reusable bottles
27. What are the benefits of collecting industrial wastewater samples from a sample box?
A meaningful sample may be obtained even if the wastewater is no longer flowing, Material found in sample box can be assumed to have been discharged, and Retention of some water that is representative of the last wastewater to leave the plant
28. Which pollutants can be monitored on a continuous basis?
Flammability, pH, Sulfide, and Temperature
29. Field tests are the ONLY accurate method for measuring which pollutants?
Chlorine residual , pH, Sulfite, and Temperature
30. When should grab samples be collected?
If effluent limit is an instantaneous maximum, If grab samples have been correlated with composite samples, If the discharge is homogeneous, and If the pollutant degrades in the sample
31. What is the purpose of a field blank when collecting samples?
To check on inspectors sampling and handling procedures and To document validity of field sample
32. What information must be recorded for each sample collected?
Field observations, Time sample was collected, and Who collected sample
33. What information is helpful to a pretreatment inspector tracing an illegal discharge?
Having a good record of possible sources prior to an event, Having a permit system which records all types of pollutants discharged, Installing automatic samplers upstream and down-stream of suspected dischargers, and Knowing locations of major sewers
34. What types of errors can be minimized by a QA program?
Improper sampling methodology, Lack of adequate mixing during compositing, and Poor sample preservation
11. What are the characteristics of a properly operating flume?
Distinct and easy to observe
12. What does a stilling well provide?
A calm pooling area where the depth can be accurately measured
13. How is the flow depth measured in a Palmer-Bowlus flume?
Floor of flume to water surface at measuring point
14. How can the effect of float lag be minimized?
By taking the measurement when the flow is steady
15. What is the purpose of a bubbler?
Measure depth of water weir.
16. Why is an instrument calibrated
To check the performance of the instrumentation
17. Closed-pipe (pressure conduit) flowmeters are installed under what flow conditions?
In section of pipe that remains full under all normal discharge conditions
18. How do electromagnetic flowmeters measure flows? By measuring the ______created by the movement of water
Voltage
19. Electromagnetic flowmeters are sensitive to what factor?
Velocity
20. Where should sampler connectors for portable samplers be located
Near the sample point
21. Why are wastewater flows measured?
To determine applicable sewer-use charges, To establish amount of pollutants discharged , and To prepare composite samples
22. What are the typical units used to measure flow?
CFS, GPM, and MGD
23. What types of instruments are used to measure flow depths?
Bubblers, Capacitance probes, Floats, Pressure sensors, and Ultrasonic transducers
24. What types of flowmeters create pressure conditions in a pipe to measure the flow?
Flow nozzles, Flow tubes, Orifice plates,and Venturi meters
25. What are the advantages of a stilling well?
Eliminates effects of foam on water surface, Eliminates effects of rags, and Not affected by wave action in a flume or weir
26. When can a submerged condition occur in a flume
Adverse flow conditions in downstream sewer, Debris in downstream sewer, Downstream sewer not able to carry flow, and Improper slope of downstream sewer
27. What is the function of open-channel flow instrumentation?
Activate automatic sampler, Convert depth to flow, Indicate flow, Sense level of water, and Totalize flow
28. What are sources of equipment errors in float-opera systems?
Buildup of grease on float, Errors in manufacturing tolerances, Float lag, and Temperature and humidity changes
29. What are maintenance tasks for float measuring tems?
Cheaking for free movement of float and cable, Flushing the stilling well, and Proper lubrication
30. What factors can cause errors in ultrasonic flowmete readings?
Dirty face of transducer, Excessive wave action on water surface, Foam layer on water surface, and Improper generation and receipt of acoustic pulses
31. How often should flow-proportioned automatic sampler' be programmed to collect a sample? At least once every___ hour(s) over a 24-hour period.
1
32. What are the possible uses of automatic flow-proportional samplers?
Determining strength and content of wastestream during a 24-hour period, Detecting spills or bypasses during unusual hours, Determining maximum and minimum discharges during a 24-hour period, Filling bottles in samplers in proportion to flow, and Determining billing rate to discharger
11. Why is knowledge of the various manufacturing processes important? To understand how
Raw materials are transformed into waste products.
12. What are compatible pollutants?
Pollutants normally removed by a POTW treatment system
13. Why should groundwater from leaking gasoline tank cleanup projects be required to have sufficient treatment to allow discharge to surface waters?
To save hydraulic capacity In the sewer for other con-taminated flows
14. What does the wastewater from battery anode production contain?
Lead particulates
15. What is the most heavily used toxic pollutant in leather tanning?
Chromium
16. What is the major pollutant found in the wastes and wastewater generated by the chlor-alkali industry?
Mercury
17. Which acid is an organic acid?
Acetic
18. At a large utility system, which wastewater discharge is usually an intermittent discharge?
Demineralization system
19. Where are the sources of pollutants in storm water run-off?
Products which have spilled on the grounds
20. Where are the primary sources of wastewater from the chrome pigments industry?
Washing the precipitated product
21. Why does an inspector need to understand the sources and quantities of industrial wastewaters? To ____ problems caused by industrial discharges.
Define, Identify, and Solve
22. What factors must inspectors have a basic understanding of?
Biological reactions, Chemistry and chemical reactions, Manufacturing processes, and Their own collection and treatment system
What are some adverse impacts on wastewater collection systems from industrial wastewater discharges?
Corrode sewers, Plug sewers, Produce obnoxious odors, and Release toxic gases
24. What waste characteristics must be considered when determining the acceptability of an industrial waste discharge to a sewer?
Concentration, Odor, pH , Temperature, and Toxicity
Why are high-temperature discharges to sewers of concern? High-temperature discharges can accelerate
Biological degradation, Corrosion of pipe, Odor production, Shift of bacterial population, and Slime growths.
26. When do intermittent discharges occur?
During disposal of a reject product, During equipment cleanup, During replacement of spent solution, and During spills
27. What are sources of dilute solutions that may be discharged to the pretreatment system or POTW?
Plating bath rinses and Storm water runoff
28. Leaking underground tanks are often sources of high concentrations of what types of wastes?
Fuel, Heavy metals, Pesticides, and Solvents
29. Why is an understanding needed of the concentration and mass of a pollutant in an industrial waste? To determine the effects on
Industry's pretreatment system, POTVV collection system, POTW disposal system, POTW treatment system, and Sampling of industrial discharge.
30. What are the categories of pollutants that are found in the wastewater generated from pulp and paper process ?
Conventional pollutants, Nonconventional pollutants, and Toxic pollutants
31. What problems are created by the treatment of petroleum refinery wastes?
Acid sludges, Alkaline wastes, and Obnoxious odors
32. What types of industrial discharges can cause plugging of sewers?
Adhesives, Fibrous materials, Grease, and Heavy solids
33. What types of discharge constituents may cause explo-sions in sewers?
Gasoline, Hexane, and Methyl ethyl ketone
34. Small quantities of which pollutants are likely to pass through a POTW?
Ketones, Pesticides, Polychlorinated biphenols, Soluble heavy metals, and Toxic organics
35. What type of system will allow a POTW to mitigate an industrial slug discharge?
Adequate aeration equipment, chemical treatment points along the collection system, effluent recycling capabilities, Equalization basins, and Flow control structures
Why must pretreatment effluent wastewater be monitored?
To ensure compliance with mandated limits
17. How should the release of spilled chemicals in storage areas be prevented?
Install some type of containment around the storage areas.
18. How should maintenance schedules be optimized?
Reducing times wastes are generated by maintenance-related shutdowns
19. How can wastewater treatment for chemicals be avoided?
By recovering and reusing chemicals
20. Equalization basins have the capability to
Increase the effectiveness of downstream treatment equipment.
21. Why does industry use packaged inclined plate (lamella) settlers?
Plates provide same surface area in smaller vessel than clarifier
22. What is the ion exchange process normally used to remove?
Dissolved inorganic ions
23. What is the most common use of the chemical reduction process in wastewater treatment
Conversion of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium
24. Where are the residues remaining after incineration disposed of?
In a land disposal facility
25. What does the incineration process convert sludge into?’
Inert ash
26. What types of wastes are found in food industry effluents?
BOD and SS
27. What types of flows are important when establishing treatment and discharge objectives?
Average flow, Peak flow, and Total daily flow
28. What factors are used by POTWs to assess surcharges on industrial discharges?
BOD, COD, Flow, and SS
29. What information should a pretreatment inspector be aware of with regard to types of industrial production processes?
Chemical constituents in the wastewater, Potential wastewater sources, and Techniques for wastewater reduction
30. What pollutants may interfere with the operation of the POTW or may be toxic to the treatment processes?
Alkalies, inorganic pollutants, Organic pollutants, Sulfur compounds, and Temperature
31. What are the benefits of source control?
Cost savings, Protection of public, Reduced chemical costs, and Reduced liability
32. How can manufacturing processes be modified? By change in
Manufacturing processes, Operating guidelines, Process equipment, and Raw materials.
33. What are the primary wastewater treatment technologies used by industry?
Biological, Chemical, Land, and Physical
34. Why is solar evaporation coming under increased scrutiny?
Discharge of toxic compounds to land, Emission of toxic compounds to air, and Release of toxic compounds to groundwater
35. What contaminants are removed by adsorption?
Cyanide, PCBs , Pesticides, Phenols, and Solvents
36. Which of the following processes are chemical treatment processes?
Neutralization, Oxidation/reduction, and Precipitation
37. What are the principal disadvantages of the ion exchange process?
Costs, Downtime required for regeneration, Need to pre-filter solutions before ion exchange, and Need to treat the regenerate solutions
38. What is the reliability of a wastewater treatment system a function of?
Adequate spare parts, Installed spare equipment, Proper design, Redundant level controls and process sensors, and Regular preventive mainntenance schedule
39. What are the commonly cited areas of OSHA violations a wastewater treatment facilities?
Electrical equipment not designed for explosion-proof service, Lack of guards for rotating equipment, Lack of proper ventilation for chemical mixing/reaction tanks, and Use of temporary or substandard wiring
40. What concepts do pretreatment inspectors need to understand to work with industries to achieve compliance with discharge standards?
Mandated pretreatment requirements, Toxicity of industrial wastewater to the POTW, Wastewater characteristics, and Wastewater flows
11. What are the most important ongoing tasks of a local pre-treatment program?
Inspections and monitoring
12. What should be done before entering an industrial facility for a pretreatment inspection?
Collect wastewater samples
13. What should an inspector do with regard to violations discovered during an inspection?
Discuss violations with industry before leaving site
14. Where should floor drains in the fuel loading dock area be plumbed to?
Pretreatment facility
15. In a meat packing and processing facility, what should be done with the solids removed in the screening and DAF processes?
Recovered for rendering
16. In a dairy products processing plant, where should there be no floor drains?
Where solvents are used for parts cleaning
17. What is the purpose of centralized waste treatment facilities?
To treat hazardous liquid wastes
18. What tasks can a POTW pretreatment inspector perform during an industrial inspection?
Inform the industrial user of any new or updated pre-treatment regulations
19. Before entering an industrial facility for an inspection, why should you first visit the sampling points and collect wastewater samples?
To allow collection of an unbiased wastewater sample
20. What types of wastes are treated by centralized waste treatment facilities?
Oily wastes
21. What is information collected during inspections and monitoring used for?
For all compliance and enforcement activities
22. What are the most important tools an inspector can have for enforcing local standards and other legal authority provisions?
Accurate flow measurements and Representative samples
23. What are the most common and most dangerous hazards that pretreatment inspectors will encounter?
Atmospheric hazards, Physical hazards, and Traffic hazards
24. What information should an inspector collect to describe an industrial discharge?
Amount, Chemical nature, Destination, and Frequency
25. What are the major procedures inspectors follow for conducting on-site industrial inspections?
Conducting on-site inspection, Following up on compliance activities, and Preparing for inspection
26. Which of the following activities should be performed during the preparation for an inspection?
Determine need for inspection of a given industry, Prepare sample containers and sampling equipment if monitoring activities may be performed, and Review existing files for available information about industry.
27. Which of the following activities should be performed during an on-site inspection?
Check the accidental spill prevention control plan the industry, Conduct a peripheral examination of the industrial user, and Observe the physical characteristics of the wastestream in the sewer
28. Which of the following activities should be done during follow-up compliance activities?
Increase monitoring frequency of industry, Modify the industrial discharge permit, and Request enforcement proceedings be taken against industry.
29. Why is sampling and analysis of an industrial user's effluant conducted?
To collect sewer-use service charges, To verify compliance with wastewater discharge limitations, and To verify self-monitoring data
30. Inspection of spill containment systems includes looking for evidence of what factors?
Leaks around joints, Proper maintenance, Solutions being contained , and Trenches actually full of solutions
31. Oil and grease may appear in wastewater in what forms
Emulsified oil, Free oil, and Soluble oil
32. What water quality indicators can be significantly changed if samples are not properly chilled and sealed?
BOD, COD, Dissolved sulfide, and pH
33. What water quality indicators should be measured in the field?
pH, Sulfide, and Temperature
34. Which items should an inspector review with the operator of a pretreatment facility?
Current 0 & M manual, Documentation of operating methods being followed, Operating parameters , Strip chart recorder information, and Type and frequency of data collected
35. What information should be collected and documented during an on-site pretreatment inspection?
A description of each discharge, A schematic of water flow through the industry, Identification of appropriate sampling locations, Number of employees per shift, and Proximity of chemical storage to floor drains
How should capabilities to divert flow throughout a collection system be handled?
Clearly marked on a map
What problem can be caused by infiltration of ground-water into sewers?
Contribution of explosive or toxic liquids and gases
13. How should an inspector be able to activate emergency response procedures?
By making one call to a person in the home office
14. Who should deal with the news media during an emergency?
A single contact person
15. Why should an inspector keep notes during an emergency? Notes will be useful in preparing
A case for court if enforcement action is initiated.
16. What type of pump must be used when drawing liquid out of a sewer?
Explosion-proof pumps
17. How should treatment plant personnel respond to a spill arriving at the plant?
By following a written spill control plan
18. What is the appropriate response to chemicals spilled from an overturned tank truck?
Contain chemicals.
19. What is the main function of a pretreatment facility inspector during an emergency?
Assisting command center with communications to and from POTW
20. How should an inspector respond when an unknown material that is neither flammable nor asphyxiating is found in a collection system?
Try to trace unknown material back to industrial source.