Cvt Summer 2006

Front 1

Central Nervous System Medications include..(9)

Back 1

-analgesics and antagonists
-anesthetics
-anti-anxiety and sedative-hypnotic drugs
-antiseizure or anti epileptic drugs
-central nervous system stimulants
-psychotherapeutic medications

Front 2

Non-narcotic analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents
3 examples and used for?

Back 2

salicilates(ASA)
acetaminophen(tylenol)
ibuprofen(advil)
-used for mild to moderate pain

Front 3

Narcotic analgesics are used for what? 1 example?

Back 3

used for visceral pain and discomfort
opium derivatives

Front 4

Opioids definition and functions

Back 4

-similar to opium
-extracted from poppy plant and has been used for centuries for its analgesic and hallucinogenic effects
-treats pain b/c similarity to natural pain reducing peptides(endorphins)
-fx by decreasing the sensory neurons ability to propagate pain impulses to the spinal cord and brain
-prototype drug is morphine

Front 5

Opioid antagonists do what?
example?

Back 5

reverse the effects of opioid drugs
naloxone(narcan) is prototype

Front 6

Anesthetics do what?

Back 6

induce a state of anesthesia or a loss of sensation to touch or pain

Front 7

Local anesthetics are administered where and why?
one example

Back 7

-to block sensation for medical procedures
-agent is admin. into skin around the nerves that innervate the area of the procedure
-decreases nerve ability to depolarize and propagate impulse to the brain
example xylocaine(lidocaine)

Front 8

Sedation

Back 8

state of decreased anxiety and inhibitions

Front 9

Hypnosis

Back 9

instigation of sleep

Front 10

Sleep

Back 10

categorized as REM or non REM
REM sleep is characterized as rapid eye movement and lack of motor control
most dreaming occurs during REM sleep

Front 11

Mechanism of Action of Benzodiazepines and barbiturates

Back 11

hyperpolarize the membrane of the CNS neurons decreasing the response to pain

Front 12

Benzodiazepines(antianxiety agents) four actions?
what schedule and why?

Back 12

anxiety reducing
sedative hypnotics
muscle relaxing
anticonvulsants
all are schedule IV b/c of potential for abuse

Front 13

Commonly prescribed Benzodiazepines(7)

Back 13

chlordiazepoxide(librium)
clorazepate(tranxene)
diazepam(valium)
Flurazepam(dalmane)
prazepam(centrax)
midazolam(versed)
lorazepam(ativan)

Front 14

the antagonistic drug(antianxiety and sedative hypnotic drug), Flumazenil(romazicon) does what?

Back 14

competitively binds with the benzodiazepine receptors in the GABA receptor chloride ion channel without causing the effects of benzodiazepines
reverses the sedation of benzo's

Front 15

Amphetamines do what?

Back 15

increase the release of excitatory neurotransmitters including norepinephrine and dopamine

Front 16

Norepinephrine drug effects include (3)
example of?

Back 16

wakefulness, increased awareness, decreased appetite
example: Dexedrine

Front 17

Antiemetic

Back 17

an agent that prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting

Front 18

Dopamine is _________and acetycholine is ____________ to the nervous system

Back 18

dopamine is inhibitory
acetylcholine is excitatory to the nervous system

Front 19

Drugs affecting the parasympathetic system

Back 19

cholinergics
anticholinergics
ganglionic blocking agents
neuromuscular blocking agents
ganglionic stimulating agents

Front 20

drugs affecting the sympathetic system

Back 20

adrenergic receptors
adrenergic agonists
adrenergic antagonists
skeletal muscle relaxants

Front 21

Cholinergic drugs act how? (2 ways)
examples of each

Back 21

-directly-direct acting cholinergics stimulate the effects of acetycholine by directly binding to cholinergic receptors, prototype-bethanechol(urecholine)
-indirect-inhibit action of degrading acetycholine prolonging the cholinergic response, neostigmine is prototype reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor

Front 22

anticholinergics do what

Back 22

oppose the parasympathetic nervous system

Front 23

muscarinic cholinergic antagonists do what?
two examples

Back 23

block the effects of acetylcholine almost exclusively at the muscarinic receptors
often called-anticholinergics or parasympatholytics
atropine is prototype
scopolamine is anticholinergic used to prevent motion sickness

Front 24

Neuromuscular blockade description and one example

Back 24

produces a state of paralysis without affecting consciousness
caused by competitive antagonism of nicotine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
useful during surgery and to facilitate emerg intubation
depolarizing or nonpolarizing(most)
succinylcholine(rapid acting short half life)

Front 25

Golden rule of management

Back 25

treat the patient not the monitor

Front 26

Causes of dysrhythmias

Back 26

-MI, necrosis, infarct
-autonomic nervous system imbalance
-distention of the chambers of the heart
-blood gas abnormalities
-electrolyte imbalance
-trauma to the myocardium
-drug effects and drug toxicity
-electrocution
-hypothermia
-CNS damage(vagus)
-idiopathic events
-normal occurances

Front 27

Dysrhytmias-4 mechanisms of impulse formation

Back 27

disturbance in automaticity
disturbance in conductivity
combination of altered automaticity and conductivity
ectopic foci-ectopic beats

Front 28

chronotropic drugs do what?
two examples

Back 28

affect heart rate
+ chrono=epinephrine
- chrono=verapamil

Front 29

dromotropic drugs do what?
two examples

Back 29

affect conduction velocity through the conduction tissues of the heart
+ dromo=isoproterenol
- dromo=adenosine

Front 30

inotropic agents do what?
two examples

Back 30

affects force of contraction
positive inotropic increase force of contraction=epinephrine
negative inotropic weakens or decreases the force of contraction=propranolol