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145 Cards in this Set

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DOC for bacterial pharyngitis?
Penicillin V potassium 500 mg b.i.d x 10 days or
(peds) oral solution 50 mg/KG/day b.i.d. x 10 days is DOC
Treatment for pharyngitis/tonsillitis (diagnostic & interventional)?
Tests
-Throat culture
-strep antigen test
-Mono spot rapid (if needed)

-if bacterial, PCN V potassium (Pen Vee K)
-Tylenol/ Ibuprofen

-fluids/ hydration
-saltwater gargles
-humidifier
-Lozenges containing phenol as a mucosal anesthetic (Chloraseptic, Cepastat) (usually over six years old)
--Suck on frozen treats (such as Popsicles)
-chicken soup and tea

-Tessalon Perles may be bitten

-For severe pain without contraindications dexamethasone 10 mg (0.6 mg/ kg) IM or PO
or prednisone 60 mg PO in adults
Refer prn
If you are concerned about allergies with PCN, which antibiotic should be used for bacterial pharyngitis?
Erythromycin base 333 mg TID x10 days or
EES suspension 40 mg/KG/day BID X 10 days
Additional a/b for children with phyarygitis?
Cephalosporins can also be used
Duricef (cefadroxil) 500 mg b.i.d. X 10 days or suspension 30 mg/KG/day b.i.d. X 10 days
If you are concerned about compliance with PCN, which antibiotic should be used for bacterial pharyngitis?
Penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin LA) 1.2 million units IM x 1

for the pediatric patient less then 27 kg, give 25,000 units/kg IM x1
warm salt water mixture contains?
frequency?
What does it do?
Gargle with (1/2-1 teaspoon of salt per glass of water)

gargling several times a day with warm salt water can reduce swelling in the throat and loosen mucus, helping to flush out irritants or bacteria.
Rhinorrhea definition?
Treatment?
runny nose

Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent nasal spray)

Anticholinergic that can prevent or control rhinorrhea or vasomotor rhinitis

Decongestants: Products with oxymetazoline (Afrin) and phenylephrine (neosynephrine) may work faster than pills or syrups. But you shouldn't use them for more than 2-3 days in a row, or your congestion could get worse.
Don't take both types of decongestant at the same time. Start with a nasal spray for the first couple of days, and switch to a pill or syrup if you still need it.
Pharmacological Treatment for Fever?
Ibuprofen or Tylenol
A/B treatment for sinusitis/rhinosinusitis?
Augmentin (Amoxicillin/Clavulanate),
Ceclor (Cefaclor)
with PCN allergies,
Azithromycin/ Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
Symptomatic tx of rhinitis?
most uncomplicated cases resolve spontaneously with
-hydration,
- avoidance of irritants, &
-cool mist humidifier's

can also use a topical or oral decongestants
For pts with OM, address RF, which are?
1 Smoking
2 Allergies
3 Sinusitis
4 Reflux
5 Eustachian dysfunction
Management for swimmer's ear?
Cleansing and topical debridement of the ear

topical otic drops Cortisporin
pain control / NSAIDs
topical corticosteroids if marked inflammation
Pope ear wick prn
Antibiotics for OE?
Cipro HC (>1 yr)
Floxin (>6m)
Cortisporin (Antibiotic+ steroids + surfactant; has neomycin; pregnancy category C)
Cortic
Conjunctivitis can present with?
Besides redness, itching, burning, increased tearing, swelling of the eyelid & crusting discharge,
it can also present with

blurred vision or
sensation of a foreign body in the eye
Management for acute otitis media and serious otitis media?
Amoxicillin if bacterial
When administering eardrops without a wick, what instructions should be given?
instruct patient to lie on side for 20 minutes after instilling to maximize medication exposure
Follow up for OE the with ear wick?
2 to 3 days to remove wick with the remaining debris from ear canal
Management from mono?
Tests
Mono spot & throat culture


no ampicillin
supportive care
prednisone/steroid-taper for severely enlarged tonsils
**contact sports should be avoided 3 weeks to months, as splenic rupture may occur even with out clinically detectable splenomegaly
A/B Management of bacterial bronchitis?
If bacterial bronchitis, use
Macrolides
Doxycycline
Bactrim
Pharmacological & symptomatic relief for scratchy, sore throat?
-Tylenol or ibuprofen (Antipyretics / Pain relief)
-Warm salt gargles
-Phenol lozenges (over 6 yrs)
-Suck on frozen treats (such as Popsicles).
-Use a humidifier
-Sip chicken broth, or try warm tea with honey, -which has been a long-standing and comforting remedy
-rest
Pharmacological classes & Examples of Treatments for Runny Nose/Congestion)?
ORAL Decongestants=Sympathomimetics
Sudafed (Pseudoephedrine)
Dimetapp (brompheniramine-PPA)

NASAL Decongestants=Sympathomimetics
Afrin ( Oxymetazoline)
NeoSynephrine (Phenylephrine)


Corticosteroids
Nasacort (triamcinolone acetonide)
Aqua Rhinocort (Budesonide)
Nasalide (Flunisolide)
Flonase (Fluticasone)
Nasonex (Furorate)

Antihistamines
Astelin (nasal)

Oral
Benadryl
Claritin
Allegra etc.
Criteria for group A beta hemolytic strep pharyngitis include?
FLEA
F= fever over 38°C
L= lack of cough
E= Pharyngotonsillar EXUDATE
A =anterior cervical adenopathy

Mono= posterior adenopathy
If penicillin allergies what medications can be used for AOM in a 10 kg child?
Bactrim 5 ml bid x 10 days
Azithromycin 100 mg day on day 2-5, order 50 mg x 10 days

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851349/
Refractory cases of bacterial pharyngitis can be treated with?
Clindamycin 300 mg qid X 10 days
For pediatric patients 30 mg/KG/day qid X 10 days
Treatment for chest congestion?
Expectorants are drugs that increase the bronchial secretion and enhance the expulsion of mucus by air passages of the lungs. This makes it is easier to cough up the phlegm or sputum. Expectorants are used in cough mixtures for chesty coughs.
What do expectorants do?
Expectorants are meant to increase the volume of airway water or secretion in order to increase the effectiveness of cough.

expectorants, mucolytics, and mucokinetic drugs.
Examples of expectorants?
Guaifenesin
Guaifenesin is available under countless brand names and formulations, some of which are:

Mucinex
Robitussin DAC
Cheratussin DAC
Robitussin AC
Cheratussin AC
Benylin
Buckley's
DayQuil Mucus Control

There are single-ingredient formulations of guaifenesin &
Guaifenesin's also included in many other over-the-counter cough and cold remedy combinations (usually in conjunction with dextromethorphan, acetaminophen, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, or phenylephrine)
Cough suppressants contain "what letters" in the name?
dextromethorphan (the "DM" in some medication names)

Try not to use, you want patients to cough up the mucos, bacteria, irritants
If penicillin allergies what medications can be used for AOM in an adult?
If not type I allergy, Cephalosporins- otherwise

Macrolides
(Clindamycin if additional DRSP coverage needed.)
Treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Antibiotic ophthalmic solution

ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
ofloxacin
Tobramycin
gentamycin
Pharmacological treatment for Urinary burning
Pyridium
A/B Treatment for uncomplicated cystitis in a non pregnant patient?
Bactrim ( if local resistance is less than 20%)
Cipro
Augmentin
Other considerations are Amoxicillin, Levaquin, Macrobid
Antibiotic treatment for UTI in pregnant patients?
(duration is important)

Amoxicillin x 10 days
Keflex (Cephalexin) 250- 500 mg qid x 7 days
Macrobid (Nitrofuratoin) 100 mg x 7 d (early in pregnancy)

**NO QUINOLONES
**NO SULFAS 2 WEEKS BEFORE DELIVERY BECAUSE OF POTENTIAL INCREASED RISK FOR KERNICTERUS
**TRIMETHOPRIM IS CONTRAINDICATED DURING THE 1ST TRIMESTER BECAUSE IF IT'S ANTI-FOLATE PROPERTIES
A/B Treatment WITH DOSES for uncomplicated cystitis in a non pregnant patient?
If resistance to local E. coli is less than 20%, give trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (TMP/ SMX) 160/800 mg (Bactrim DS or Septra DS) 1 tab PO b.i.d. x 3 days
Otherwise give
Fosfomycin (Monurol 3 gm PO x1 or
3 day regimen of a quinolone such as
Cipro 500 mg PO bid x 3 days or
Cipro XR 500 mg qd
Levaquin 250 mg PO QD
Macrobid 100 mg PO bid x 7 days
Typical side effects of intranasal steroid sprays include?
Nasal irritation
Burning
Stinging
Headache
Management of nasal congestion and children under 2 years old?
Instill nasal saline drops wise into the nares and to follow this with gentle suction applied with an ear or nose syringe
Management for bronchitis?
Supportive treatment
-humidifiers
-increased fluid intake
-Cough suppressants, use judiciously
-Analgesics for chest soreness & fever
-Beta 2 adrenergic agonist for wheezing-Albuterol ---ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) mucous
antibiotics if bacterial
Pharmacological treatment for Intractable (rhinitis) nasal symptoms?
For adults Prednisone 30 to 50 mg daily x 3 to 7 days
Treatment for sinusitis/rhinosinusitis?
Culture as needed

-hydration
-oral decongestants/antihistamines
-Analgesics
-antibiotics for bacterial cases
-supportive care
Pharmacological treatment for General aches?
Tylenol or ibuprofen
Nonpharmacological, symptomatic allergy interventions?
-Warm facial compresses
-steam inhalation
-warm tea
-chicken soup
Intranasal corticosteroids for allergic rhinitis?
Ages they may be started?
Rhinocort Aqua (budesonide) for over 6 years old

-Nasalide (Flunisolide) for children 6 to 14 years old

-Nasonex (Furoate) & Flonase (Fluticasone) for adults and children older than 12 years
Management for influenza?
(Vaccination)

Supportive care
Antipyretics
Antibiotics (only a bacterial infection is proven or suspected)

Neuraminidase inhibitors (Shorten the duration of symptoms, decrease complications; effective for both influenza A&B)
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) oral
Zanamivir (Relenza) inhaler

Also recommended for prophylaxis, it's also sensitive for swine flu
Intranasal second-generation antihistamine?
What age can be started at?
Astelin (Azelastine) over 12 years for seasonal allergies

137 micrograms (mcg), is a metered-spray solution for intranasal administration.

treats:
runny nose
sneezing
nasal itching
When asthmatic symptoms coexist with rhinitis what do you use?
Singular from 2 years old up
Accolate 5 yrs & up
PO pharmacological treatment for Nasal congestion?
Sudafed (Pseudoephedrine)

used for the temporary relief of stuffy nose and sinus pain/pressure caused by infection (such as the common cold, flu) or other breathing illnesses (such as hay fever, allergies, bronchitis).
it's a decongestant (sympathomimetic). It works by narrowing the blood vessels to decrease swelling and congestion.
Nonpharmacological interventions for pts allergic to dust mites?
Use allergen-impermeable encasings on the bed and pillows.
Nonpharmacological recommedations for seasonal allergies?
Pollen exposure can be reduced by keeping the windows closed, using air conditioner, and limiting the amount of time spent outdoors
Nonsedating second-generation antihistamines?
Claritin (loratadine)
Allegra (Fexofenadine)
Clarinex (desloratadine)
Zyrtec (cetirizine)
Claritin doses for the kids?
Allegra doses & ages that it can be given?
2 to 5 years old, Claritin (loratadine) 5 mg daily
6 to 11 years old 10 mg daily
Allegra 180 mg daily, for a 6 to 11-year-old Allegra 30 mg b.i.d.
Examples of decongestant nasal sprays?
Sympathpathomimetic Class
Reduces congestion in both allergic and nonallergic rhinitis
Use must be limited to up to 3 to 5 days to avoid rebound nasal congestion

Afrin (oxymetazoline)
Neo-Synephrine( phenylephrine) not recommended for children
Afrin dose for kids?
For pediatric patients

Afrin 0.025% 1-2 drops/ spray/ drops per nostril bid
Oral decongestant medication and doses for kids
Over 2 years?
Over 6 years?
For 2-5 yrs old
Sudafed (Pseudoephedrine) 3 mg/ml Syrup

5 to 30 mg Q 4-6H

For 6 to 12-year-olds

Sudafed (Pseudoephedrine) syrup 30 mg Q4 – 6H or
4 mg/KG/day q 6H
(1 mg/KG/dose)
Side effects of decongestants?
They can cause insomnia,
nervousness,
loss of appetite,
urinary retention in males
and should be used with caution or not use at all in patients with arrhythmias, hypertension, hyperthyroidism
Oral decongestants for adults?
Sudafed (Pseudoephedrine) &
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Patient teaching with nasal decongestants?
Do not use nasal decongestant spray for more than 5 days
can cause BP to rise or Rhinitis medicamentosa
(RM) is a condition of rebound nasal congestion brought on by extended use of topical decongestants
Neo-Synephrine dose for pediatric patients?
For pediatric patients older than 6 months

Neo-Synephrine 0.125% or 0.25% 1 to 2 drops per nostril 3- 4 h
Afrin dose for adults?
Afrin 0.05% 2 drops per nostril bid
Neo-Synephrine dose for adult?
Neo-Synephrine 0.25%, 0.5%, or 1% one – two drops/sprays per nostril q 3 - 4 hours

Or Neo-Synephrine sustained-release 75 mg Q 12 H
For adults they have decongestant with the nonsedating antihistamines.
Name them?
pseudoephedrine + nonsedating antihistamine

Allegra-D one tab b.i.d.
Zyrtec-D one tab b.i.d.
An alternative to pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)?
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Oral decongestants
Sudafed dosage for adults?
Sudafed (Pseudoephedrine) 60mg Q 6h
Time released version 120 mg b.i.d.
Pharmacological smptomatic relief for general aches?
Tylenol or ibuprofen
Examples of medications to treat cough?
Preg Risk?
smptomatic relief for cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness caused by asthma & COPD

Albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil) MDI
Bronchodilator
Beta 2 adrenergic agonist
Pregnancy risk C
How do you define CAP healthy patients?
Under 60 years old with no comorbidities – no recent antibiotic use
A/B Management of CAP in healthy patients?
Macrolides
Zithromax (Azithromycin)
Biaxin (Clarithromycin)

Doxycycline
Erythromycin
How do you define CAP UN-healthy patients?
Patients with
COPD
diabetes
heart failure
cancer
over 60 years old
Patients that have recently used antibiotics
A/B Management of CAP in UN-healthy patients?
Fluoroquinolones

Levaquin (levofloxacin)
Factive (Gemifloxacin) or
(Moxifloxacin) Avelox
Management for COPD?
Outpatient management

-Inhaled ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)/ sympathomimetics, mainstay of therapy)
-Discontinuation of smoking
-Avoidance of irritants or Allergens
-Postural drainage- May clear excess secretions
Nasal vestibulitis?
When pain, redness, tenderness and swelling occur around the nostrils as a result of nose picking or excessive rubbing or blowing of the nose
Treatment for nasal vestibulitis?
Treat with an antistaphylococcal antibiotic ointment Bactroban 2% applied TID X2 weeks and recommend warm compresses.
Which patients should be placed on systemic antistaphylococcal antibiotics to avoid potential spread to the cavernous sinus?
Patients with diabetes immunodeficiency or progressive infection should be placed on systemic antistaphylococcal antibiotics to avoid potential spread to the cavernous sinus.
Hordeolum's other name?
Stye
Hordeolum's usually caused by?
Staphylococcus aureus
Hordeolum's Signs and symptoms?
Hordeolum= hurts
abrupt onset accompanied with pain and erythema of the eyelid
localized tender mass developing in the Eyelid
Hordeolum's treatment?
Warm compresses
topical bacitracin or erythromycin ophthalmic ointment refer to ophthalmologist if not resolved within two days
Chalazion's definition?
Beady nodule on the eyelid
infection or retention cyst of the meibomian gland usually on the upper eyelid
Difference between a chalazion & a Hordeolum?
HORDEOLUMS HURTS
Chalazions are painless, but should be referred for surgical removal
Signs and symptoms of a Chalazion?
Swelling on the eyelid
Eyelid tenderness
sensitivity to light
increased tearing
If very large may cause astigmatism due to pressure on the cornea
Chalazion Management?
Warm compresses and referral for surgical removal
Bacterial conjunctivitis, blepharitis, hordeolum?
Polytrim (trimethoprim–polymyxin) soln 1 drop q3H X 7–10 days
Polysporin (bacitracin–polymyxin) opth soln 1 gtt Q3-4H X 7–10 days
Erythromycin ophth ointment 1/2 inch to qid inside lower lid for 5–7 days (some staphylococcal strains maybe resistant)
Blepharitis is caused by?
Staphylococcus infection or seborrheic dermatitis of the lid edge
Signs and symptoms of blepharitis?
Red scaly greasy flakes
Thickened crusted lid margins
burning
itching
tearing
Management of blepharitis?
Hot compresses
topical antibiotics like bacitracin or erythromycin vigorously scrub lashes and lid margins with eyes closed and follow with thorough rinsing
Treatment for Gonococcal conjunctivitis?
Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM
Treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis?
Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment

Oral erythromycin or azithromycin
Fluoroquinolone Eye drop doses?
Levofloxacin (Quixin) 0.5% solution 1/2 gtt q2h x 2 days, then 1/2 drops QID x 5 days or
Ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan) 0.3% solution 1/2 gtts q2h x 2 days, then 1/2 gtts q4h x 2 days
Fluoroquinolones for more serious cases like? Examples?
quinolones for more serious cases, especially if Pseudomonas is suspected (contact lens wearers) or corneal ulcers exist
Levofloxacin (Quixin)
Ofloxacin (Ocuflox)
Ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan)
Treatment for allergic conjunctivitis?
antihistamine eye drops (Zaditor, Visine A, Naphcon A, Similasan)
or
Oral antihistamines
Treatment for viral conjunctivitis?
Symptomatic care
Wash hands

When small blood vessels in the conjunctiva become inflamed, they're more visible. This is what causes the whites of your eyes to appear reddish or pink.
Zaditor ophthalmic soln class?
antihistamine/ mast stabilizer

provides temporary relief of ocular itching due to allergic conjunctivitis
Zaditor ophthalmic soln can be used at what age?
not for use under 3 yrs old
Instructions for Zaditor ophthalmic soln?
remove contact lenses; may reinsert 10 min after administration
re eval if irritation, eye pain or visual changes persist beyond 72 hrs or worsen
Other OTC antihistamine/ cell stabilizers that can be used in children 3 yrs and older?
Refresh eye itch relief
Zyrtec itchy eye drops
Claritin eye
Suspension's that can be used with acute otitis media with Tympanostomy tubes?
Ciprodex otic
Floxin Otic
Other name for common cold?
Viral rhinitis
Phenol lozenge?
Oral Anesthetic approx 6 yrs & older

temporarily relieves
minor sore throat pain
sore mouth
minor mouth irritation
pain associated with canker sores
Signs and symptoms of UTI?
**Dysuria (Key symptom)
frequency
nocturia
urgency
Hematuria
suprapubic pain may be present genital infections/vaginitis are included in DD
Labial irritation
external dysuria
vaginal discharge suggest what illnesses?
vaginitis or cervicitis
Symptoms that suggest pyelonephritis?
Fever
Chills
nausea
flank pain

must rule out with cystitis
CVA TENDERNESS
How do you perform a clean catch urine specimen?
Instruct the patient to wipe the introitis from front to back and begin urinating into the toilet before filling the sample cup.
In women of childbearing age, send the urine **pregnancy test – this will influence the choice of antibiotic and follow up
Risk factors for UTI in women?
Pregnancy
Sexual Activity
use of the diaphragm
use of spermicides
failure to void postcoitially
history of previous UTI
Urine Dipstick test for?
Leukocyte esterase
Urinalysis or Gram stain a sample of urine
What suggests contamination from the vagina?
Epithelial cells on microscopic examination
What lab test confirms a urine infection?
The presence of any white blood cells or bacteria in a clean sample confirms the infection.

A positive nitrate one dipstick is helpful, but a negative test does not r/o infection, because produce nitrates.
How can you perform a clean catch specimen if the patient has menses?
Menses or vaginal discharge makes a clean catch difficult. One technique is to insert a tampon before giving the sample. A better technique is urinary catheterization.
What type of fluid is good to drink with UTI?
Instructed patient to drink plenty of fluids (such as cranberry juice) and remain hydrated, but there is no need to drink excessively
Medication that can be given it dysuria is severe?
Pyridium (phenazopyridine) 200 mg TID x 2 days only, to act as a surface anesthetic in the bladder.

WARN PATIENT that it will stain her urine, perhaps clothes, and CONTACTS must be taken off for about a week.
What should be done with patients are unreliable and have a UTI?
Extend antimicrobial therapy to 7 days and obtain cultures when treating a patient who is
unreliable,
diabetic,
symptomatic more than 5 days,
older than 50 years of age,
or younger than 16 years of age.
Also extend treatment and obtain cultures for all-male patients and for those with recurrent infections, significant medical problems, an indwelling urinary catheter, renal disease, obstructive urinary tract lesions.
When should you perform a pelvic exam?
If there are no bacteria or few WBCs, no hematuria or suprapubic pain, gradual onset over 7 to 10 days, and a new sexual partner, with a history of vaginal discharge and/or vaginal irritation, the dysuria may be caused by chlamydia or ureaplasmal ureteritis

PERFORM A PELVIC EXAM
Examples of antitussive medications?
Not to be used under 6 years old some of the tablets aren't recommended for children younger than 12 years

Guaifenesin
Fights coughs, congestion caused by colds, bronchitis and other breathing illnesses pay it's in expectorant

Drink plenty of fluids when taking this medication. Fluids will help to break up the mucus and clear the congestion.
Management for cholesteatoma?
Surgical referral
Cautions with Afrin (oxymetazoline) nasal spray?
Hypersensitivity to drug/class/components
MAO inhibitor use within 14 days
hypertension
cardiovascular disease
hyperthyroidism
diabetes prostatic hypertrophy
Glaucoma , angle closure
Pregnancy category C
SE of Astelin
Intranasal MDI antihistamine
Stop using azelastine & call if you have any of these serious SE:

1. bronchospasm (SOB, tightness in chest/wheezing); or
2. fast or uneven heartbeats.

Less serious side effects may include:
1. a bitter taste in your mouth;
headache;
2. drowsiness
3. dizziness;
4. dry mouth
5. sore throat;
6. burning in your nose;
7. weight gain;
8. nausea;
9. nosebleed;
10. cough, sneezing, runny nose, cold symptoms; or
11. eye redness
12. can cause sleepiness, be careful esp if driving/ using it with other meds that can impair judgement (ETOH,such as cold or allergy medicine, narcotic pain medicine, sleeping pills, muscle relaxers, and medicine for seizures, depression, or anxiety). They can add to sleepiness caused by azelastine nasal.
Not studied in preg women, nursing mothers
such as cold or allergy medicine, narcotic pain medicine, sleeping pills, muscle relaxers, and medicine for seizures, depression, or anxiety). They can add to sleepiness caused by azelastine nasal.
OTC
24-Hour Relief of:

Nasal Congestion
Sneezing
Runny Nose
Itchy Nose
Chemical responses that make you miserable?
cytokines
histamines
leukotrienes
prostaglandins
eosinophils
SE of Nasacort?
OTC
It's non drowsy, not habit forming
Instructions with intranasal decongestants/ antihistamines
It may take up to one week of daily use to feel the most symptom relief.
Maximum benefit may not be reached for several days.
Age Sudafed can be started?
Cough-and-cold products have not been shown to be safe or effective in children younger than 6 years. Do not use this product in children younger than 6 years unless specifically directed by the doctor. Long-acting tablets/capsules are not recommended for use in children younger than 12 years.
SE of Sudafed?
Coffee/ Caffeine can worsen SE of this med

Nausea, vomiting, trouble sleeping, dizziness, headache, or nervousness may occur.

fast/irregular/pounding heartbeat, mental/mood changes (such as anxiety, confusion, restlessness), shaking (tremor), difficulty urinating.
Why do lozenges help a sore throat?
Sucking on cough drops stimulates saliva production, which can help keep your throat moist.

For an added benefit, choose brands with a cooling or numbing ingredient, like menthol or eucalyptus.
Phenol
How does Chloraseptic help a sore throat?
Chloraseptic's active ingredient, phenol, is a local antiseptic that also has antibacterial properties, Dr. Linder says.
How does tea help a sore throat?
Tired of drinking water? A warm cup of herbal tea can offer immediate, soothing relief for a sore throat. What's more, non-herbal teas—whether they're made with black, green, or white leaves—contain antioxidants that are thought to strengthen immunity and ward off infection.

For an extra boost, add a teaspoon of honey. It'll help the "medicine" go down, and it has antibacterial properties that may help you heal faster.
How does chicken soup help a sore throat?
"The sodium in the broth may actually have anti-inflammatory properties, and it can feel good going down,"
SE with Nasonex?
Nosebleeds and infections of the nose and throat may occur.
NASONEX may cause slow wound healing. Do not use NASONEX until your nose is healed if you have a sore in your nose, if you have surgery on your nose or if your nose has been injured.
Some people may have eye problems, including glaucoma and cataracts. You should have regular eye exams.
How to give Nasonex inhaler?
1 Give Nasacort bottle a shake
2 Prime bottle if it's the 1st use/ you've gone 2 weeks w/o using it (should see a mist)
3 Clear your nose
4 Hold bottle upright
5 Block 1 nostril & place the tip of the nozzle in the other, make sure the nozzle's placed towards the back of your nose
6 Press down
7 Repeat in other nostril
8 Clean it off and administer tomorrow
When will Nasonex take effect?
Some symptoms may get better on the first day of treatment. It may take up to one week of daily use to feel the most symptom relief.
When should Nasonex be started?
In patients with a known seasonal allergen that precipitates nasal symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, prophylaxis with NASONEX Nasal Spray 50 mcg (200 mcg/day) is recommended 2 to 4 weeks prior to the anticipated start of the pollen season.
Nasonex may be started at what age?
Mometasone=corticosteroids.
used to treat seasonal or perennial (year-round) allergic rhinitis in adults and children 2 years of age and older. Used as a prophylaxis for seasonal allergies for 12 yrs & over. It is also used to treat symptoms of acute sinusitis in adults and children 2 years of age and older. Mometasone nasal spray can also treat nasal polyps in adults 18 years of age and older.
Mucokinetics are a class of drugs which aid in the clearance of mucus from the airways, lungs, bronchi, and trachea. Such drugs can be further categorized by their mechanism of action:
mucolytic agents
expectorants
wetting agents / hypoviscosity agents
abhesives / surfactants
Expectorants & mucolytic agents differ, yet both intend to promote drainage of mucus from the lungs.
An expectorant (expel from the chest) works by signaling the body to increase the amount or hydration of secretions, resulting in more yet clearer secretions and as a byproduct lubricating the irritated respiratory tract.ex guaifenesin
A mucolytic agent is an agent which dissolves thick mucus and is usually used to help relieve respiratory difficulties. It does so by dissolving various chemical bonds within secretions, which in turn can lower the viscosity by altering the mucin-containing components.
Alternatively, attacking the affinity between secretions and the biological surfaces is another avenue, which is used by adhesives and (aerosol)surfactants.
Alomide
mast cell stabilizer
vernal conjunctivitis; keratoconjunctivitis or keratitis
2 yrs and older
Preg B
Transient burning stinging or discomfort, sure pruritis, blurred vision, Dryness, discharge, hyperemia, crystalline deposits, foreign body, h/a
Crolom?
eye drops
mast cell stabilizer
vernal conjunctivitis
use over 4 yrs
Preg cat BB
Caution nursing mothers
contra in contact lens wear
Bepreve
antihistamine/ mast cell stabilizer
for itching due to allergic conjunctivitis
2 yrs and older
Preg C
Mild taste , eye irritation , h/a, naso pharyngitis
Acute Sinusitis time interval?
refers to sinusitis symptoms lasting less than 4 weeks. Most cases begin as a common cold. Symptoms often go away within a week to 10 days; but in some people, a bacterial infection develops.
Chronic Sinusitis
other name?
time interval?
rhinosinusitis,
is often diagnosed when symptoms have gone on for more than 12 weeks, despite medical treatment
subacute bacterial sinusitis lasts b/t what time interval?
sinusitis can last 4 to 12 weeks
Preferred tx, then
Alternate for acute sinusitis w/o doses?
Amoxicillin
Alt tx if allergies-Azithromycin/Bactrim/Doxy
If resistance-Augmentin or Quinolone (Levo/ Avelox)
Preferred tx, then
Alternate for acute sinusitis w doses?
Amoxicillin 0.5-1.5 g po tid x 10-14 days

Alt tx if allergies-Azithromycin 2 G x 1 or
Azithromycin 500mg po qd x 3 days/
Bactrim DS bid po 10-14 days/
Doxy 100 mg po bid x 14 days
If resistance-Quinolone (Levo/ Avelox)
If resistance with acute sinusitis, use which a/b w/ doses?
Augmentin 825/125 mg po bidx 10-14 days

Levo 500 mg qd x 5-10 days
Avelox 400 mg qdx 5-10 days
Preferred tx, then
Alternate for subacute/ chronic sinusitis w/o doses?
Preferred tx
Augmentin 875 mg po bid x 3-6 weeks

Alt tx
Clindaycin 300 mg po tid x 3-6 weeks
watch out for c dif

Moxifloxacin (Avelox) 400 mg po qd for 3-6 weeks
watch out for achilles tendon tear
I have pink eye and wear contact lenses. Do I have to dispose of my contacts, or can I disinfect them?
If you wear disposable contact lenses, your doctor may ask you to throw out your contacts as part of your pink eye treatment. If you have contact lenses that aren't disposable, your doctor may recommend you disinfect your contacts. Contact lens accessories, such as your contact lens case and contact lens solution, should be discarded and replaced.

Wait until your eyes are no longer red and you no longer experience eye discharge before wearing contacts again.

Mayo
How long is pink eye contagious? My son's child care has a policy that children with pink eye stay home until they're no longer contagious.
Usually 3-7 days

When tearing and discharge are no longer present, it's appropriate for a child to return to school or child care.

Pink eye (conjunctivitis) generally remains contagious as long as the eye continues to tear and produce a discharge. Signs and symptoms of pink eye usually improve within three to seven days.
If the pink eye is caused by a bacterial infection,
how long is pink eye contagious? My son's child care has a policy that children with pink eye stay home until they're no longer contagious.
Some schools and child care facilities require that a child wait at least 24 hours after starting treatment before returning.

If the pink eye is caused by a bacterial infection, treatment with antibiotic drops or ointment for the eyes may be necessary. Some schools and child care facilities require that a child wait at least 24 hours after starting treatment before returning. Good hygiene — including hand-washing after touching the eyes — is important to minimize spread of the disease.
Cystitis in adults can present as?
pain, burning or stinging when you urinate
needing to urinate often and urgently but passing only small amounts of urine
urine that's dark, cloudy or strong smelling
traces of blood in your urine (haematuria)
pain low in your belly (directly above the pubic bone), or in the lower back or abdomen
feeling unwell, weak or feverish
Symptoms of cystitis in children may include?
weakness
irritability
reduced appetite
vomiting
pain when urinating