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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Beta Blockers: Effects |
- Reduce CO and BP via decreased rate/force of contraction. - Long term reduction in peripheral vascular resistance - Decreased renin output from kidneys |
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Beta Blockers: Used in |
-Arrhythmia - decrease HR -Angina - reduced cardiac O2 demand due to decreased HR/contractility -HF - carvedilol -Hypertention - only carvedilol - last line treatment |
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Beta Blockers: ADRs |
-Bronchospasm (due to B2 interaction) -HF -Peripheral vasoconstriction (cold peripheries) -Heart block -Nightmares -Increases VLDL/LDL -Decreases HDL |
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Beta Blockers: Examples |
-Propranolol (B1 and B2) - contraindicated in asthma -Metoprolol (B1 selective) -Carvedilol (B1/2 and alpha1blocker) |
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Alpha 1 Blockers: Effects |
-Decreased TPR thus decreased MABP (vasodilation) -Reflex increase of HR and renin release |
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Alpha 1 Blockers: Used in |
Used with other medications in mild-moderate hypertension |
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Alpha 1 Blockers: ADRs |
-Postural hypotension -Depression -Drowsiness -Diarrhea |
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Alpha 1 Blockers: Examples |
Doxazosin |
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Alpha 2 Agonists: Effects |
-Decrease NA release thus decrease CO -Vasodilation thus decreased TPR, thus decreased MABP |
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Alpha 2 Agonists: Used in |
Used with other medications in mild-moderated hypertension |
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Alpha 2 Agonists: ADRs |
-Postural hypotension (upright) -Depression -Drowsiness -Diarrhea |
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ACE inhibitors: Effects |
1. Vasoconstriction - decreased preload and afterload 2. Na+ and water retension 3. Aldosterone release (helps 2) 4. Sympathetic activation 5. ADH release 6. Cardiac and vascular hypertrophy |
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ACE inhibitors: Used in |
Hypertension Chronic heart failure |
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ACE inhibitors: ADRs |
-Angioedema -hypotension -rash -dysgeusia |
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ACE inhibitors: Examples |
Cilazapril |
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Alpha 2 agonists: Examples |
Clonidine, alpha-methyldopa |
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ARBs: Effects |
Decrease aldosterone secretion Decrease sympathetic activation Decrease fibrosis |
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ARBs: Used in |
Use ARBs when patient can't tolerate ACEi ARDs in hypertension or heart failure |
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ARBs: ADRs |
-Hypotension -Dizziness -Headache -Rash -Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea -Cough -Hyperkalemia |
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ARBs:Examples |
Losartan |
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Antihemostatics include |
-Antiplatelets -Anticoagulants -Fibrinolytics |
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Antiplatelets: Action |
-Aspirin: acetylates platelet COX1 reducing TXA2 production inhibiting platelet aggregation. -Clopridogrel: non-comp. blocks ADP purinergic P2Y receptors, preventing activation of GP2b/#a receptor causing reduction in fibrinogen binding and thus decrease platelet activation. -Abciximab: blocks GP2b/3a receptor needed for fibrinogen binding, thus platelet aggregation |
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Anticoagulants: Effects |
Enoxaparin: increases action of anti-thrombin 3 on factor 10a Warfarin: inhibits vit K epoxidde reductase which normally reduces vit K (into its active form). Reduced vit K needed to carboxylate glutamic acid on clotting factors 1972, thus reducing fibrin formation |
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Enoxaparin: Used in |
To prevent deep vein thrombosis in patients after surgery or immobile patients |
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Fibrinolytics |
Alteplase: converts plasminogen to plasmin to break down fibrin (fibrinolysis) within thrombus. Transexamic acid inhibits plasminogen activation |
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Alteplase: Used in |
Given acutely in myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke |
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Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs): Effects |
Vasoselective: vasodilation of arteries Cardioselective: reduces force/velocity/rate of contraction |
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CCBs:Felodipine/verapamil: Used in |
Hypertension (verapamil has vasculat and cardiac effects, felodipine mainly vascular) |
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CCBs:Diltiazen: Used in |
Arrhythmia in atrial fibrillation |
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CCBs:Diltiazem/verapamil: Used in |
angina - verapamil and diltiazem decrease myocardial O2 demand and dilate coronary arteries CCBs doen't cause bronchoconstriction or affect lipid levels unlike beta blockers |
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CCBs: General: ADRs |
-Facial flushing (excess vasodilation) -Constipation (lack of GI contractions) -Excess dosing causing hypotension, bradycardia, AV block and heart failure |
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CCBs:Felodipine:ADRs |
Do not use in angina patients as the drop in BP causes reflex tachycardia which increases myocardial O2 demand - not good |
