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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is biological evolution?
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change in allelic frequency
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What is natural selection?
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the non-random differential reproduction of genotypes as a result of interaction of phenotypes with selective forces in the environment
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Who thought species were immutable?
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Carl von Linne (Carolus Linneus) and Richard Owen
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Who calculated the exact time when humans came to be?
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Dr. John Lightfoot
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Who believed in spontaneous regeneration?
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John Baptist de Lamark
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Whose idea was it that "need produces change"?
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John Baptist de Lamark
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Who believed in heirarchy of the species?
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John Baptist de Lamark
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Convergent evolution is the evolution of similar structures in ________ ______ as a result of mutations that are adaptive to _______ ________.
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unrelated taxa; similar environments
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What is an example of convergent evolution?
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sharks, porpoises, and penguins have similar appendages for swimming
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Parallel evolution is the evolution of similar structures in _________ _________ but ___________ taxa, whose common ancestor _________ the trait.
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recently related; isolates; lacked
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A natural evolutionary lineage including ancestors plus only and only its decendants is.......
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clade
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Anatosaurus is one of our recovered fossils and is a:
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duck billed dinosaur
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Archaeopteryx had what two features common in birds
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claws for grasping and feathers for temperature regulation
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dioecious
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male and female gonads are located in different individuals
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benithic
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bottom dwelling
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Hemichordata include what 2 types of organisms?
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Enteropneustra (acorn worms) and Pterobrachia
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Ascidea, Larvacea and Thaliacea are all kinds of :
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urochordates
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what group holds the best promise of connecting chordates to echinoderms?
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Hemichordates
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What traits to Hemichordates and chordates have in common?
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Pharyngeal slits and a hollow nerve tube
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Class Petromyzoniformes
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lamprey
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Class Cephalaspidomorpha
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ostracoderms
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What 2 subclasses does Chondrichthyes include?
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Elasmobranchii and Holocephali
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Subclass Elasmobranchii includes common______&______
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sharks and rays
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Subclass Holocephali is also known as__________, it lives ___________
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chimerea or ratfish, it is a bottom dweller
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Class Acanthodii
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minnow- sized with dermal armor and large spines that have a skin web. they are all extinct
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Subclass Actinopterygians belong to what class?
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Class Osteichythyes
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What does superorder Palaeoniscidoremes look like and what subclass and class does it belong to.
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Fusiform, cigar shaped fish belonging to the Subclass Actinopterygians and Class Osteichthyes. It has ganoid scales.
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What does subclass Sarcoptergii look like and what class does it belong to?
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fleshy finned with cosmoid scales and a diphycercal tail fin.
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What Subclass first gave rise to terrestrial vertebrates
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Sarcoptergii
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What is Dipnoi and what subclass and class does it belong to?
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lungfish:
Subclass Sarcoptergii and Class osteichthyes |
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What Subclass are the modern amphibians encompassed in?
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Lissamphibia
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Order Gymnophiona is AKA:
and includes: |
apoda
legless amphibians |
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Order Urodela is AKA:
and includes: |
caudate
salamanders |
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Order Salientia is AKA:
and includes: |
anura
frogs and toads |
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What is subclass mesosaurs?
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a specialized aquatic reptile
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Members of the subcalss Parareptilia have what kind of integument that sets them apart?
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shells with carapace and plasteron
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Members of Subclass Eureptilia have what dynamic feature?
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diapsid skull with 2 temporal fenestrae and a palatine fenestrae
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Infraclass Euryapsida belongs to what subclass and class and includes what?
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Class Reptilia
Subclass Eureptilia sauropterygia |
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Infraclass Archosauromorpha are commonly known as ?
What class and Subclass do they belong to? |
dinosaur birds
Class Reptilia Subclass Eureptilia |
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Infraclass Lepidosauromorpha belong to what subclass and class?
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Class Reptilia
Subclass Eureptilia |
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Subclass Synapsida includes what 2 orders? from what class?
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Plycosauria and therapsida
reptilia |
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plycosauria is commonly known as?
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sail backed reptiles
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therapsida are :
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mammal like reptiles
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what are the 3 infraclasses of mammalia
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metatheria, eutheria and monotremata
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monotreme example
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duck-billed platapus
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order marsupalia belongs to what infraclass?
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metatheria
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Order Edentata
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anteaters and sloths
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Order insectivora
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moles and shrews
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Order Chiroptera
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bats
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Order Dremoptera
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colugos, flying lemurs
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Order Pholidonta
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pangolins
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Order Lagomorpha
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rabbits and pikes
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Order Rodentia
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mice, chipmunks and beavers
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Order Artiodactyla
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even toed ungulates: deer, elk, camel, cattle, pig, etc.
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Order Perissodactyla
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odd toed ungulates: horses, tapirs, rhinocerous
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Order Proboscidea
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elephants and mastadons
*ungulate |
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Order Hydracoidea
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*ungulate
hydraxes |
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Order Cetacea
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*ungulate
dolphins and whales |
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Order Sirenia
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ungulate*
sea cows |
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Order Tubulidentata
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aardvarks
*ungulate |
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__________outnumber all other vertebrates combined and are one of the most successful groups of animals
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modern fish
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within what group did jaws and fins first appear?
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fish
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What type of animal gave rise to the first land vertebrates
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fleshy finned fish
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the only 3 to evolve the capacity for flight are the :
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birds, bats and pterosaurs
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2 reptilian aquatic specializations that we don't know where to place>
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ichthyisaurs and Sauropterygia
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what is the techinal term for a shelled egg
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cleidoic
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what 3 divisions is the somite divided into?
Where does somite come from? |
myotome-->muscle
dermatome-->dermis scleratome-->forms vertebrae Epimere division of the Mesoderm |
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Where does the somite originate from?
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mesoderm
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_________is a stimulatory effect between developing parts of the embryo.
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induction
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excess neural tissue that has developed outside the ectoderm and is going to be found throughout the body
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neural crest cells
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the epidermal division of the ectoderm yields
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epidermis
anterior mouth cloacal opening |
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the neural plate division of the ectoderm yields
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cerebral hemispheres
thalamus optic lobes cerebellum medulla oblongata spinal cord |
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the neural crest division of the ectoderm yields
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PNS
ectomesenchyme visceral skeleton cranial mm teeth |
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the Mesomere division of the Mesoderm yields
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kidneys and urogenital tracts
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the hypomere division of the mesoderm yields
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paired appendages
peritoneum gonads heart vessels and mesenteries |
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What does the foregut division of the endoderm yield
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mouth
esophagus tracheal tube |
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what does the midgut division of the endoderm yield
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stomach
liver/gallbladder pancreas intestines |
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what does the hindgut division of the endoderm yield
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urinary bladder and cloaca
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a departure from typical sequence in time of organ formation is
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heterochrony
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when a single gene may have multiple effets on different or even unrelated traits, we call that___________
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pleiotropy
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Fish have what kind of epidermal cells and glands
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living epidermal cells and unicellular glands
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aquatic amphibians have what kind of glands
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multicellular
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a large plate ilke scale present in reptiles
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scute
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dermal abdominal bones in reptiles
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gastralia
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the oil gland at the base of a birds tail
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uropygial gland
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specialized feathers that can be for ornamentation
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filoplume
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Sebaceous glands in the eyelids of mammals
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meibomian gland
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how are horns and antlers different
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horns have a bony core and outer covering. They are not shed annually and they continually grow as extensions from the skull. Antlers have a bony separation plate between the skull and they are shed anually and have a bony core which is covered temporarily by velvet.
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antler velvet is
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vascular skin with small hairs
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This class has extensive keratinization and their scales lack a bony undersupport.
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reptiles
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