Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is biological evolution?
|
change in allelic frequency
|
|
What is natural selection?
|
the non-random differential reproduction of genotypes as a result of interaction of phenotypes with selective forces in the environment
|
|
Who thought species were immutable?
|
Carl von Linne (Carolus Linneus) and Richard Owen
|
|
Who calculated the exact time when humans came to be?
|
Dr. John Lightfoot
|
|
Who believed in spontaneous regeneration?
|
John Baptist de Lamark
|
|
Whose idea was it that "need produces change"?
|
John Baptist de Lamark
|
|
Who believed in heirarchy of the species?
|
John Baptist de Lamark
|
|
Convergent evolution is the evolution of similar structures in ________ ______ as a result of mutations that are adaptive to _______ ________.
|
unrelated taxa; similar environments
|
|
What is an example of convergent evolution?
|
sharks, porpoises, and penguins have similar appendages for swimming
|
|
Parallel evolution is the evolution of similar structures in _________ _________ but ___________ taxa, whose common ancestor _________ the trait.
|
recently related; isolates; lacked
|
|
A natural evolutionary lineage including ancestors plus only and only its decendants is.......
|
clade
|
|
Anatosaurus is one of our recovered fossils and is a:
|
duck billed dinosaur
|
|
Archaeopteryx had what two features common in birds
|
claws for grasping and feathers for temperature regulation
|
|
dioecious
|
male and female gonads are located in different individuals
|
|
benithic
|
bottom dwelling
|
|
Hemichordata include what 2 types of organisms?
|
Enteropneustra (acorn worms) and Pterobrachia
|
|
Ascidea, Larvacea and Thaliacea are all kinds of :
|
urochordates
|
|
what group holds the best promise of connecting chordates to echinoderms?
|
Hemichordates
|
|
What traits to Hemichordates and chordates have in common?
|
Pharyngeal slits and a hollow nerve tube
|
|
Class Petromyzoniformes
|
lamprey
|
|
Class Cephalaspidomorpha
|
ostracoderms
|
|
What 2 subclasses does Chondrichthyes include?
|
Elasmobranchii and Holocephali
|
|
Subclass Elasmobranchii includes common______&______
|
sharks and rays
|
|
Subclass Holocephali is also known as__________, it lives ___________
|
chimerea or ratfish, it is a bottom dweller
|
|
Class Acanthodii
|
minnow- sized with dermal armor and large spines that have a skin web. they are all extinct
|
|
Subclass Actinopterygians belong to what class?
|
Class Osteichythyes
|
|
What does superorder Palaeoniscidoremes look like and what subclass and class does it belong to.
|
Fusiform, cigar shaped fish belonging to the Subclass Actinopterygians and Class Osteichthyes. It has ganoid scales.
|
|
What does subclass Sarcoptergii look like and what class does it belong to?
|
fleshy finned with cosmoid scales and a diphycercal tail fin.
|
|
What Subclass first gave rise to terrestrial vertebrates
|
Sarcoptergii
|
|
What is Dipnoi and what subclass and class does it belong to?
|
lungfish:
Subclass Sarcoptergii and Class osteichthyes |
|
What Subclass are the modern amphibians encompassed in?
|
Lissamphibia
|
|
Order Gymnophiona is AKA:
and includes: |
apoda
legless amphibians |
|
Order Urodela is AKA:
and includes: |
caudate
salamanders |
|
Order Salientia is AKA:
and includes: |
anura
frogs and toads |
|
What is subclass mesosaurs?
|
a specialized aquatic reptile
|
|
Members of the subcalss Parareptilia have what kind of integument that sets them apart?
|
shells with carapace and plasteron
|
|
Members of Subclass Eureptilia have what dynamic feature?
|
diapsid skull with 2 temporal fenestrae and a palatine fenestrae
|
|
Infraclass Euryapsida belongs to what subclass and class and includes what?
|
Class Reptilia
Subclass Eureptilia sauropterygia |
|
Infraclass Archosauromorpha are commonly known as ?
What class and Subclass do they belong to? |
dinosaur birds
Class Reptilia Subclass Eureptilia |
|
Infraclass Lepidosauromorpha belong to what subclass and class?
|
Class Reptilia
Subclass Eureptilia |
|
Subclass Synapsida includes what 2 orders? from what class?
|
Plycosauria and therapsida
reptilia |
|
plycosauria is commonly known as?
|
sail backed reptiles
|
|
therapsida are :
|
mammal like reptiles
|
|
what are the 3 infraclasses of mammalia
|
metatheria, eutheria and monotremata
|
|
monotreme example
|
duck-billed platapus
|
|
order marsupalia belongs to what infraclass?
|
metatheria
|
|
Order Edentata
|
anteaters and sloths
|
|
Order insectivora
|
moles and shrews
|
|
Order Chiroptera
|
bats
|
|
Order Dremoptera
|
colugos, flying lemurs
|
|
Order Pholidonta
|
pangolins
|
|
Order Lagomorpha
|
rabbits and pikes
|
|
Order Rodentia
|
mice, chipmunks and beavers
|
|
Order Artiodactyla
|
even toed ungulates: deer, elk, camel, cattle, pig, etc.
|
|
Order Perissodactyla
|
odd toed ungulates: horses, tapirs, rhinocerous
|
|
Order Proboscidea
|
elephants and mastadons
*ungulate |
|
Order Hydracoidea
|
*ungulate
hydraxes |
|
Order Cetacea
|
*ungulate
dolphins and whales |
|
Order Sirenia
|
ungulate*
sea cows |
|
Order Tubulidentata
|
aardvarks
*ungulate |
|
__________outnumber all other vertebrates combined and are one of the most successful groups of animals
|
modern fish
|
|
within what group did jaws and fins first appear?
|
fish
|
|
What type of animal gave rise to the first land vertebrates
|
fleshy finned fish
|
|
the only 3 to evolve the capacity for flight are the :
|
birds, bats and pterosaurs
|
|
2 reptilian aquatic specializations that we don't know where to place>
|
ichthyisaurs and Sauropterygia
|
|
what is the techinal term for a shelled egg
|
cleidoic
|
|
what 3 divisions is the somite divided into?
Where does somite come from? |
myotome-->muscle
dermatome-->dermis scleratome-->forms vertebrae Epimere division of the Mesoderm |
|
Where does the somite originate from?
|
mesoderm
|
|
_________is a stimulatory effect between developing parts of the embryo.
|
induction
|
|
excess neural tissue that has developed outside the ectoderm and is going to be found throughout the body
|
neural crest cells
|
|
the epidermal division of the ectoderm yields
|
epidermis
anterior mouth cloacal opening |
|
the neural plate division of the ectoderm yields
|
cerebral hemispheres
thalamus optic lobes cerebellum medulla oblongata spinal cord |
|
the neural crest division of the ectoderm yields
|
PNS
ectomesenchyme visceral skeleton cranial mm teeth |
|
the Mesomere division of the Mesoderm yields
|
kidneys and urogenital tracts
|
|
the hypomere division of the mesoderm yields
|
paired appendages
peritoneum gonads heart vessels and mesenteries |
|
What does the foregut division of the endoderm yield
|
mouth
esophagus tracheal tube |
|
what does the midgut division of the endoderm yield
|
stomach
liver/gallbladder pancreas intestines |
|
what does the hindgut division of the endoderm yield
|
urinary bladder and cloaca
|
|
a departure from typical sequence in time of organ formation is
|
heterochrony
|
|
when a single gene may have multiple effets on different or even unrelated traits, we call that___________
|
pleiotropy
|
|
Fish have what kind of epidermal cells and glands
|
living epidermal cells and unicellular glands
|
|
aquatic amphibians have what kind of glands
|
multicellular
|
|
a large plate ilke scale present in reptiles
|
scute
|
|
dermal abdominal bones in reptiles
|
gastralia
|
|
the oil gland at the base of a birds tail
|
uropygial gland
|
|
specialized feathers that can be for ornamentation
|
filoplume
|
|
Sebaceous glands in the eyelids of mammals
|
meibomian gland
|
|
how are horns and antlers different
|
horns have a bony core and outer covering. They are not shed annually and they continually grow as extensions from the skull. Antlers have a bony separation plate between the skull and they are shed anually and have a bony core which is covered temporarily by velvet.
|
|
antler velvet is
|
vascular skin with small hairs
|
|
This class has extensive keratinization and their scales lack a bony undersupport.
|
reptiles
|