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18 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the most common condition affecting the arterial system in the elderly?
atherosclerosis. in the lower limb, atherosclerosis is a disease for the elderly.
Most important Deep vein disease?
DVT. Deep vein thrombosis. pain and swelling in the legs. positive homan's sign. this is most important because you go from the deep veins in the legs to the iliac arteries, in to the vena cava, in to the right heart, into the lungs. this is where pulmonary emboli come from.
What is Virchow's Triad?
Injury (surgery)
Stasis (immobility)
Hypercoagulable State

along with obesity and age, these are the risk factors for DVTs.
What are the classic symptoms of DVT?
pain, edema, positive Homan's Sign (pain with foot dorsiflexion). another presentation of DVT is NOTHINGINGINGIGNIGNIGNIG
What are other signs and symptoms of DVT?
Chest Pain
Shortness of breath
Anxiety
Tachycardia
Respiratory distress
**signs of pulmonary embolism

Shock
Death
Tx of pulm emboli?
Anticoagulant
Warm moist packs
Elevate
Invasive – Thrombectomy
Thrombolytics(good locally)
Inferior Vena Cava Filter
What can you get from the pt's history to make a dx?
Their entire environment at the moment. Perhaps they are susceptible for one of Virchow's Triad.

Also need a high index of suspicion since they may not present with anything for DVT. Once you suspect something, you can get a venous doppler ultrasound.
What can a superficial venous disease look like?
varicose veins, superficial phlebitis, stasis dramatis, venous ulcers.

these are chronic but not as dramatic as DVT.
What are the risk factors of SVD?
Sedentary
Obesity
Varicose veins
Poor hygiene
Age
Signs/ symptoms of SVD
Ache
Edema
Rash
Inflammation
Ulcers
Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease is
a hardening of the arteries, and is the most common arterial disease of the elderly.
What are the big four risk factors for peripheral arterial occlusive diseases?
Big Four:
SMOOOOOKING! (huge risk)
HTN
Hyperlipidemia
Di-Ah-Bet-EEs

sedentary lifestyle, age and family hx are also risk factors
Signs and Symptoms of PAOD
-Ache/pain
-claudication
-loss of hair (on legs)
-numbness, coolness, pallor and cyanosis
-absent pulse.
Treatment of PAOD
Modify the big four risk factors (stop smoking control HTN, lower lipids, control diabetes, exercise)

Drugs: aspirin, vasodilators, invasive surgery intravascular procedures.

*they dont reverse the disease. they're just symptomatic control..
is an acute arterial occlusion a medical emergency?
yes. it's dangerous. it is less common than peripheral artery disease.
Signs and symptoms of Acute Arterial Occlusion?
Pain
Pallor
Parathesis
Paralysis
Pulseless
Tx of acute occlusion
thrombolytic/anticoagulant, surgery, intravascular procedures.
Dx and tx
H and P and imagine studies.