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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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__ is the largest growing form of heart disease
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HF
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_____ is any disease of heart muscle leading to decreased fx
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cardiomyopathy
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__ alone is more common in men while ___ alone is more common in women in etiology of HF
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CAD
HTN |
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what is a main cause of loss of appetite in CHF
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liver congestion
gut edema malabsorptino |
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an S4 gallop occurs in presence of
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stiff wall
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a dilated ventricle may produce S_
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3
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Which S sound is major criteria for CHF
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S3
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what are top three PE findings in chronic HF
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hepatjugular reflux
orthopnea S3 elevated JVP |
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___ is produced when the ventricle is has increased pressure and wall stress
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BNP
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what is normal serum BNP
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30-40pg/ml
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what are the most common causes of acute HF
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MI
uncontrolled HTN |
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thyrotoxicity, sepsis, and AV shunt are most common causes of __ CHF
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high output heart failure
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is forward failure common in HF?
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no, only in very advanced
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what are three primary compensatory mechanisms in chornic systolic dysfunction
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FS
neurohormonal remodeling |
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the primary method of increasing contractility is activation of
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SNS
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__ is released onto B1 receptors which increase contractility and heart rate
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NE
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what three things does B1 increase
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Ca2+
contraction HR |
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what are axes of FS
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CO vs EDV (or LVEDP)
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going right on the x axis of FS implies
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congestion
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low on the y axis of FS is
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low CO
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in CHF where is the biggest hit to regional blood flow
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kidney
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T or F. ACEI lead to reverse remodeling of the heart
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true
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are all betas equal
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NO use carvedilol or metoprolol
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T or F ANP and BNP are potent vasodilators and mild diuretic
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true
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In blacks __ tends to be particularly important in HF
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NO
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what is effective treatment for blacks with HF
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nitroglycerin
hydralazine |
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why give hydralazine with nitro
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prevents tolerance
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______ hypertrophy is when process of cavity dilation with an increase in muscle mass so that the ratio between well thickness and vent cavity size remains relatively constant early inthe process
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eccentric
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in _____ hypertrophy wall thickness is increased without substantial chagne in vent cavity diameter
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concetnric
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____ and ___ drugs have been shown very effective in prventing or reversing remodeling prcoess (reverse remodel)
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ACEI and bb
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what does intra arterially dry mean
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that patient thinks no enough volume because it's not getting to the arteries
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name two positive inotropes used in HF
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dobutamine
milrinone |
