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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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furosemide
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loop diuretic: inhibits Na/K/2Cl pump
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captopril
enalapril lisinopril |
ACE inhibitor
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losartan
valsartan |
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
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isosorbide dinitrate
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venodilator
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hydralazine
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arterial vasodilator
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spironolactone
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aldosterone receptor antagonist
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carvedilol
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β receptor antagonist (β blocker)
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digoxin
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positive inotropic effect
- increased vagal tone - decreased symp activity |
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morphine
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decreased sympathetic activity
- analgesic effect - inhibit carotid baroreflex |
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dopamine
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Positive inotropic agent: (dose dependent)
D1 > β1 > α1 |
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dobutamine
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β1 and β2 receptor stimulator
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milrinone
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positive ionotropic effect, vasodilating and minimal chronotropic effect
inhibits type 3 PDEase --> potentiates effects of cAMP and increasing Ca-ATPase activity on the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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nitroglycerin
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converted to NO which has a vasodilatory effect
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atenolol *
propranolol |
beta blockers (first one is cardioselective beta-one)
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nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate)
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nitrate vasodilatiors... dose dependent veins > arteries
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verapamil
diltiazem amlodipine |
L-type Ca channel antagonist (CCA); drug either affects mainly heart or arterioles
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aspirin (salicylate)
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reversibly inhibits COX 1 and COX 2
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abciximab
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monoclonal a.b. irreversably binds IIb/IIIa receptors on platelets, which fibrinogen uses to bind platelets together
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ticlopidine
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antagonist of purinergic (ADP) receptor - P2Y-12; causes increase in cAMP and decrease in [Ca]
inhibits platelet aggregation and its ability to change shape |
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heparin - antiplatelet effect
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maintains electronegitivity of damaged vascular wall to prevent platelet adhesion, aggregation and release rxn
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heparin
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inhibits protease activity of clotting factor 2, 9, 10, 11, 12; a catalase of AT (anti-thrombin)
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dalteparin
enoxaparin |
LMW heprin - binds to ATIII and inhibits activated factor 10
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fondaparinux
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a non-heprin anticoauglant:
binds ATIII - an indirect factor 10 inhibitor |
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lepirudin
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a non-heprin anticoauglant:
inhibitor of free and bond thrombin IIa |
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argatroban
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a non-heprin anticoauglant:
direct, competitive inhibition of thrombin |
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protamine sulfate
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binds to heprin to reverse its action (some intrinsic anticoaug activity); also partially reverses LMW heprin
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warfarin
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inhibits vit K epoxide reductase --> reduced vit K is required for clotting factors 2, 7, 9 and 10
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phytonadione
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reduced vit K which reverses the effects of warfarin
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simvastatin
pravastatin* atorvastatin rosuvastatin |
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor - cause inc in hepatic LDL receptor via sterolstat
* LDL dec is < 25 - 30% |
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ezetimibe
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blocks protein mediated transporter; absorbs dietary cholesterol from GI tract
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cholestyramine
colestipol colesevelan |
ion exchange resins, bind bile acids
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niacin
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dec plasma FFA which results in dec of plasma TG
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gemfibrozil
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used to treat inc in TG; bind PPARα to activate LPL (esp sk mus) - inc VLDL hydrolysis and dec in IDL and LDL via liver clearnce
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tissue plasminogen activator
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serine protease --> cleaves plasminogen to make plasmin; also binds fibrin (on lysine site) to inc its activity
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alteplase
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unmodified human tPA produced by recombinant technology = systemic fibrinolytic state
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streptokinase
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binds plasminogen (C terminal) and induces conformational change - allows it to have protease activity (N terminal) - increases fibrinolytic state
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aminocaproic acid
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lysine analog; binds lysine binding site of plasmin, plasminogen, tPA, and alteplase
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lidocaine
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blocks Na channels in ventricles only = enhanced K current to decrease ERP and AP duration
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atenolol
propranolol esmolol |
β blockers
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amiodarone
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blocks inward Na and outward K channels; also has some noncompetitive α and β blockade
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sotalol
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combined β blockade and block outward K repol current
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verapamil
diltiazem |
Ca channel antagonists; in slow fibers especially AV node (drug affects the heart)
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digoxin
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increase vagal tone; dec sympathetic activity
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adenosine
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inc. K conductance (hyperpol AV node); inhibits activity of symp stimulation to affect AV node
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hydrochlorothiazide
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diuretic --> dec ECF and CO if GFR > 30
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captopril
enalapril lisinopril |
ACE inhibitors; balanced vasodilators
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losartan
valsartan |
angiotensin II receptor blockers
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nifedipine
amlodipine felodipine |
Ca channel blockers
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atenolol
metoprolol propranolol timolol |
β blockers
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labetalol
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α and β receptor blockade
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α-methyldopa
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only for difficult to treat HTN or gestational HTN
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clonidine
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α2 agonist --> enters brain and reduces symp outflow
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hydralazine
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relaxation of vascular smooth muscle of arterioles by reducing availability of intracellular Ca - used to treat severe HTN when all else fails
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sodium nitroprusside
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for supine pts only; cyanide containing drug that is an NO donor... has a black box warning
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eplerenone
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aldosterone receptor antagonist
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isosorbide dinitrate
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nitrate vasodilatiors... dose dependent veins > arteries
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isosorbide mononitrate
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nitrate vasodilatiors... dose dependent veins > arteries
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verapamil
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L-type Ca channel antagonist (CCA); drug affects mainly heart
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diltiazem
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L-type Ca channel antagonist (CCA); drug affects mainly heart
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amlodipine
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L-type Ca channel antagonist (CCA); drug affects mainly arterioles
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eptifibatide
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competitive inhibitor that binds IIb/IIIa receptors on platelets, which fibrinogen uses to bind platelets together
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tirofiban
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competitive inhibitor that binds IIb/IIIa receptors on platelets, which fibrinogen uses to bind platelets together
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clopidogrel
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antagonist of purinergic (ADP) receptor - P2Y-12; causes increase in cAMP and decrease in [Ca]
inhibits platelet aggregation and its ability to change shape |
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fenofibrate
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used to treat inc in TG; bind PPARα to activate LPL (esp sk mus) - inc VLDL hydrolysis and dec in IDL and LDL via liver clearnce
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minoxidil
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relaxation of vascular smooth muscle of arterioles by reducing availability of intracellular Ca - used to treat severe HTN when all else fails
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diazoxide
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relaxation of vascular smooth muscle of arterioles by reducing availability of intracellular Ca - used for HTN emergency
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