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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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please list the (basic) order of development for the heart
5 steps |
1- Tube formation
2- Looping 3- Atrial septation 4- Outflow tract septation (aorta and pulmonary outflow tracts) 5- Ventricular septation |
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where does the cardiovascular system arise from? (ecto, meso, endo)
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mesoderm
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what forms the primitive cardiac tube?
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Two endocardial tubes fuse
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truncus arteriosus forms what?
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aorta and
Pulmonary a |
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Bulbus cordis forms what
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RV
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the primitive ventricle becomes what?
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LV
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atrium and sinus venosus become what?
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atria
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is fetal circulation in parallel or series?
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parallel
(series is adult) |
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what is the ductus venosus?
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where the umbliical cord dumps into IVC
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the ducts arteriosus becomes what?
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ligamentum arteriosum
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if a mother had rubella during pregnancy, what could you expect in the baby?
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cardiac defects
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CMV, HSV, Coxsackie B can result in what in a baby?
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myocarditis
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maternal SLE can lead to what in the baby
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congenital heart block
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a child comes in with a smooth filtrum and the maxilla is flat on each side. What does this child have?
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fetal alcohol syndrome
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what can be a behavioral/developmental sign of cardiac problems?
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poor feeding
low weight gain |
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what cardiac symptom is associated with Marfan's?
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aortic aneurysms
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why do you take 4 extremity BP?
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to rule out coarctation of aorta
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what does clubbing show?
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bulbous enlargement of the fingertips (clubbing) shows:
low arterial saturation (chronic) |
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head bobbing in infants is what?
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a sign of respiratory distress
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over what resting rate is abnormal for kids? (breaths/min)
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60 breaths/min
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what is Acrocyanosis
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normal finding in up to 1st week of birth
cynaosis of extremities in response to cold stress |
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what ventricle is dominant in babies?
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Right
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what is one way you can determine an ASD in children?
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Auscultation
Every nl child has two parts of S2, first A2 and second P2 Splitting increases in inspiration and decreases in expiration Wide and fixed split S2 seen in ASD; fixed splitting always sign of cardiac defect |
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please describe the different grades of heart murmurs
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I: barely audible
II: soft, but easily audible III: moderately loud, but no thrill IV: louder w/ thrill V: audible w/ stethoscope barely on chest VI: audible w/ stethoscope off chest |
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when is a murmur a problem in children?
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80% of children have innocent murmurs... BUT
diastolic murmurs, cyanosis, grade IV and above should be seen by a cardiologist |
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What is a Still's murmur?
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MOST COMMON
Midsystolic Low-frequency vibratory, “twanging string”, groaning, squeaking, or musical Grade 2-3/6 intensity increases after exercise |
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describe a Pulmonary ejection murmur of childhood
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Early to Midsystolic
Grade 1-3/6 Blowing quality Represents exaggeration of normal ejection vibrations in pulmonary trunk |
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describe a Pulmonary flow murmur of newborns: (PPS)
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Systolic
Grade 1-2/6 Maximal at ULSB Transmits well to L and R chest, axillae, and back From turbulent flow through pulmonary arteries when ductus closes that are relatively hypoplastic b/c they didn’t receive much blood flow during fetal life |
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describe a venous hum
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only heard when upright
heard best above the clavicles Continuous murmur Grade 1-3/6 |
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describe a carotid bruit
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Early systolic murmur
R supraclavicular area and over carotids Grade 2-3/6 Occasional thrill over carotids |
