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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name some cutaneous neoplasias for large animals
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Sarcoid (fibroma/fibrosarcoma)
SCC (basal cell carcinoma) Melanoma Cutaneous LSA |
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What is the most common equine neoplasm?
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Sarcoids
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What breed of horse is at an increased risk for sarcoids? Which is at a decreased risk?
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Increased- QH
Decreased- Standardbreds |
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Usual age range for sarcoids
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3-6 years
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Common locations for sarcoids?
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head
neck ventral abdomen limbs |
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T or F
Sarcoids metastatize but are not locally invasive |
false, they are locally invasive and do NOT metastasize
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How do horses get sarcoids?
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Dirty dirty horses get it from cows and the bovine papilloma virus
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Name the 5 types of sarcoids
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verrucous
fibroblastic mixed nodular flat |
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Verrucous sarcoids may progress to what other type?
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fibroblastic
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Which type of sarcoid resembles proud flesh?
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fibroblastic
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Which type of sarcoid is located in the skin and has the epidermis intact?
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nodular
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What are DDX for sarcoids? How to you make a dx?
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SCC
Papilloma Exuberant granulation tissue Habronemiasis (summer sores) Dx via histologic analysis |
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What type of biopsy is contraindicated if treatment is not instituted?
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partial biopsy
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What are the tx options for sarcoids and which one is often the tx of choice?
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Surgical excision
Cryosurgery (tx of choice) Immunotherapy CO2 laser Chemotherapy Other (radiotherapy, hyperthermia, photodynamic, benign neglect) |
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Does surgical excision of sarcoids have a high or low recurrence rate?
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high (50%)
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What is the prognosis for sarcoids when surgical excision is used alone?
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guarded...use this in conjunction with other therapies
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What other txs is cryosurgery usually used with?
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surgical debulking
excision |
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T or F
Cryosurgery has a lower recurrence rate compared with sx alone |
true...only 20-30%
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How many freeze/thaw cycles are needed for cryosurgery?
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2-3
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When is immunotherapy a good tx option?
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When the sarcoid is on the eyelid
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How many tx are required for immunotherapy?
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3-5, every 2-3 weeks
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Name some benefits of using a CO2 laser for tx of sarcoids
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Less post-op discomfort
May have more cosmetic outcome May be less prone to exuberant granulation tissue formation |
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Name the 2 chemo drugs used to tx sarcoids
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Cisplatin
5- Fluorouracil |
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How is 5-FU applied to flat or verrucous sarcoids?
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topically
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When is benign neglect an appropriate tx option for sarcoids?
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When they are static flat, verrucous, and some nodular sarcoids
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Do some sarcoids regress spontaneously?
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yep
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With sarcoids, successful tx requires...
a) Money b) Luck c) Euthanasia d) Persistence |
d) persistence
that's the official answer on the outline but I don't know that you would be wrong to say a, b, or c |
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Finish this well known phrase...
Sarcoids don't kill horses, but.... |
but horses with sarcoids are euthanized by Ashery and Sydery
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What is the most common ocular neoplasm in the horse?
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SCC (yeah you know me!)
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SCC primarily occurs in nonpigmented areas such as...
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eyelids
penis and prepuce vulva and perineum |
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What parts of the eye does SCC typically occur on?
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3rd eyelid/eyelids
Conjunctiva Sclera |
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SCC is locally ___ and slow to ___
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invasive, met
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Tx options for SCC
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Local excision with margins
Cryosurgery Chemo (cisplatin, 5-FU) Laser excision with margins Hyperthermia Immunotherapy |
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Melanomas are rare in horses under what age? And common in horses over what age?
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under 6 yo
over 15 yo |
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T or F
Most melanomas are metastatic |
false, mostly benign
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Common locations for melanomas
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perianal/perineal region
tail head prepuce/scrotum udder head parotid region eyelids |
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Describe the look of a melanoma
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firm
black hairless dome-shaped |
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Tx options for melanomas, and what is the most common
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Benign neglect (most common)
excision local chemo (cisplatin) hyperthermia cimetidine |
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If you saw a horse with multiple subcutaneous nodules over much of a horse that the owner said appeared, went away, and came back again, what is your top differential?
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Cutaneous LSA
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Is internal organ involvement common on rare in cutaneous LSA?
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rare like a steak
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Tx options for cutaneous LSA
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benign neglect
corticosteroids cisplatin injections |
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Cutaneous LSA tx with corticosteroids usually completely regress over how many weeks?
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1-2
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