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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which bacteria is the most common cause of skin infections?
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S. aureus
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What skin infections can be caused by S. aureus?
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Impetigo
Furuncles (boils) Carbuncles Superficial and deep folliculitis Cellulitis Paronychia |
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What skin infections are caused by GAS?
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Impetigo
Blistering distal dactylitis Ecthyma Erysipelas Cellulitis Necrotizing fasciitis |
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What are the differences between impetigo contagiosum and bullous impetigo? (3)
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Contagiosum can be caused by S. aureus and GAS, bullous is only by S. aureus
Contagiosum has surrounding erythema and bullous does not Bullous has exotoxin involvment, contagiosum does not |
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What is staphylcoccal scalded skin syndrome?
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Pharyngeal, nasal or conjunctival infection that produces exfoliative exotoxins types A and B which spread systemically causing exfoliation of skin
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What are furuncles and carbuncles and what bacteria are they caused by?
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A furuncle is a deep follicular abcess (boil) that can progress to a carbuncle which is a group of adjoining furuncles that is more likely to develop complications. S. aureus is cause.
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What is paronychia?
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Infection of nailfolds with strep or staph leads them to become purulent, swollen and tender
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What is blistering distal dactylitis?
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Tender superficial bulla on an erythematous base on volar fat pad of fingers.
Caused by GAS Found in young children |
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What is Ecthyma?
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A severe form of Streptococcal impetigo where there is a thick crust over a punched out ulcer usually found on the lower legs
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What is erysipelas
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poinful acute infection of the skin involving the superficial dermal lymphatics.
Associated with fever and malaise Main cause is GAS |
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What bacteria causes necrotizing fasciitis type II?
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GAS
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What lab tests can be used for diagnosis of HSV I, HSV II and VZV, and which ones are able to differentiate these different viruses? (4)
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1. Tzanck smear - cannot differentiate
2. Direct fluorescent antibody test - can differentiate HSV1/2 and VZV and results available in hours 3. Viral culture - can differentiate HSV1/2 and available in 2-3 days 4. PCR - do not need active lesion - can differentiate HSV 1/2 and VZV |
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What are abnormal presentations of HSV 1? (3)
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Herpes gladiatorum - wrestler/rugby players
Herpetic Whitlow - fingers Herpetic Keratoconjunctivities - can lead to blindness |
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Are HSV 1 and HSV 2 primary infections symptomatic or asymptomatic?
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HSV 1 - usually asymptomatic
HSV 2 - 80% symptomatic |
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What are severe manifestations of HSV infection? (3)
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Neonatal HSV (HSV2>HSV1)
HSV encephalitis (HSV1>HSV2) Eczema herpeticum - HSV in eczema which spreads systemically and can be fatal |
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What can be used to prevent HSV-1 recurrence?
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Sunscreen
Valcyclovir at onset of prodrome Famciclovir or valcyclovir for prophylaxis |
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How do you treat HSV-2 infection? (2 strategies)
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Intermittant therapy (for few or mild recurrences) - initiate acyclovir, famcyclovir or valcyclovir at earliest sign of recurrence
Suppressive therapy (for frequent/severe recurrences or non-infected partner) - acyclovir BID, famcyclovir BID or valcyclovir OD |
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How do you treat VZV infection?
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Do nothing in healthy children
Acyclovir in older or unhealthy children |
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When can maternal infection with VZV occur?
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First 20 weeks of pregnancy
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What is Hutchinson's syndrome?
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Zoster on tip of nose indicating VZV infection of V1 division of CN V (ocular)
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How do you treat zoster?
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7 days of valcyclovir or famcyclovir
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What is molluscum contagiosum caused by?
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Poxvirus
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What 3 populations are susceptible to getting molluscum contagiosum?
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Young children
Sexually active adults Immunosuppressed |
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What are 4 types of warts and the locations they typically appear?
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Verruca vulgaris (common wart) - hands
Verruca plana (flat warts) - face, neck and dorsum of hands Plantar warts - bottoms of feet Genital warts - genitals |
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How do you treat non-genital warts? (8)
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No treatment
Cryotherapy Topical salicylic acid Trichloroacetic acid Topical tretinoin Pulsed dye laser CO2 laser Electrodessication |
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Which are the high risk genital wart HPV strains?
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16, 18 (6, 11)
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How do you treat genital warts?
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Cryotherapy (safe in pregnancy)
Imiquimod Trichloroacetic acid (safe in pregnancy) CO2 laser (safe in pregnancy) 5 fluorouracil |
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What is the most common dermatophytoses?
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Tinea pedis
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What is the most common cause of tinea pedis?
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Trichophyton rubrum
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What tissues can dermatophytes infect?
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Only keratinized tissue (Stratum corneum,hair and nails)
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How do you treat dermatophytoses?
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Terbinafine cream
Oral terbinafine |
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What are common variants of dermatophytoses?
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tinea pedis, capitis, corporis, curis, onychomycosis
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What is the most common cause of yeast infection?
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Candida albicans (70-80%)
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What are common types of skin infections caused by fungi?
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Tinea, onychomycosis, candidiasis, pityriasis versicolor
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