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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enculturation
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The process by which culture is learned and transmitted through generations
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Core Values
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Key values that integrate a culture
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Universal Trait
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A trait found in every culture
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Ethnocentricism
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Judging other cultures using ones own cultural standards
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Diffusion
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Borrowing of cultural traits between societies
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Acculturation
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An exchange of cultural features between groups in firsthand contact
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Independent Invention
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Independent invention of a cultural feature in different societies
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Cultural Relativism
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Behavior should be evaluated in the context of the culture it occurs in
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Ethnography
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Fieldwork in a particular cultural setting
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Ethnology
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Comparative study of ethnic groups based upon the information gathered via ethnology
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Theory
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A set of ideas created to explain something
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Exogamy
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Marrying outside of kin group
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Endogamy
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Marrying within a kin group
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Anthropological holism
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Encompassing past, present, and future; biology, society, language, and culture
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Culture
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Traditions and customs transmitted through learning
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Scientific Method
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systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.
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Uniformitarianism
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the concept that current anthropological processes explain all past anthropological occurrences and will help predict future occurences
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Hypothesis
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An untested idea
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Paleontology
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The study of prehistoric life
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Palynology
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Study of spores and pollen
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Archaeology
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Study of past human life and cultures via materials, tools, pottery, etc.
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Taphonomy
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Study of the cause of fossilization of organisms
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Paleoanthropology
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Study of past humans and their origins
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Dendrochronology
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Studying tree rings to date events
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Molecular anthropology
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Study of DNA to link ancient and modern human populations
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Evolution
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Change in physical traits over a long period of time
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Natural Selection
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Survival of the fittest
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Chromosomes
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Linear strands of DNA that transmit hereditary information
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Gene
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Unit of heredity consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific spot on a chromosome
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Allele
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One of two forms of a gene, dominant or recessive, that occupy the same place in a strand of dna
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Heterozygous
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Different alleles at a gene locus
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Homozygous
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Same alleles at a gene locus
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Genotype
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genetic makeup
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Phenotype
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physical trait determined by genotype
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Mutation
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A change in a chromosome resulting in a new trait
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Independent Assortment
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genes that are not alleles are distributed to the gametes independently of one another
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Mitosis
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Cellular division of chromosomes and nuclei
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Meiosis
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Cell division specific to gametes
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Gene pool
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the sum of all the genes in an interbreeding population
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Random Genetic Drift
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Random fluctuations in the frequency of the appearance of a gene in a small isolated population
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Gene Flow
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the movement and exchange of genes between interbreeding populations
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Species
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a division subordinate to a genus
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Speciation
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The evolutionary formation of new biological species
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Punctuated Equilibrium
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a theory that the evolution of species proceeds with long periods of relative stability interspersed with rapid change
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Relative dating based on Stratigraphy
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Rough estimate of when something occured based on layers of sediment
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Absolute Dating
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Provides a numerical age, usually via C14 or K-Ar40
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Isotope
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Two atoms of the same element with different weights, i.e. Carbon 14
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BP
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Before Present
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BYA
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Billion Years Ago
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MYA
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Million Years Ago
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