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107 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
What are the 5 hierarchy of needs, developed by Maslow?
1. Phisiolagical- oxygen, food, water, rest, elimination
2. Safety & Security-Freedom from harm, shelter
3. Love, affection & Belonging-Social Needs, Spiritual Needs
4.Self Esteem-need to be well thought of by self and by others
5. Self actualization- person is happy with self and life
Body Planes- Differentiate among the sagittal, transverse, and frontal planes.
1. Frontal Plane (coronal plane): Vertical plane that passes through the body longitudinally from head to toe. dividing the body from head to toe.
2. Sagital Plane: The verticle plane that passes through the body lengthwise and divides the body into right and left. mid-sagittal plane passes through the mid line from top to bottom dividing the body into equal rt and left halves.
3. Transverse: horizontal plane that passes through the body, dividing into upper and lower parts.
define metabolism
Metabolism: the ability to process, obtain energy from, and create new poducts, using the chemicals found in food.
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis: cells divide into two parts to reproduce themselves. Each of the daughter cells is an exact fenetic duplicate of the original or "mother" cell. Mitosis is responsible for the body's growth, repair, and replacement of injured and dead tissues.
Meiosis: Human sperm cells and ova reproduce by meiosis. In meiosis, cell division produces eggs or sperm that contain halfd the total number (23) of chromosomes. After forming 46 chromosomes.
What are Enzymes?
Enzymes are complex proteins that speed up chemical reactions
What is the purpose of Nurses Practice Act (NPA)?
Purpose of NPA
-governs nursing licensur for public safety
-defines scope of practice
What is contained in the Ventral (anterior) Cavity?
The Ventral Cavity Contains the Thoracic Cavity, Diaphragm, Abdominopelvic (which contains the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity)
What is contained in the Dorsal (posterior) Cavity?
The Dorsal Cavity contains the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity.
The right to have health care falls under which of Maslows Hierarchy of needs?
The right to have health care falls under category 2 - the need for safety and security.
Define and differentiate the terms morbidity and mortality
Morbidity refers to the number of people with an illness or disorder relative to a specific population.
Mortality refers to the chances of death associated with a particular illness or disorder.
World Health Organization
The WHO allocates funds, resources, and time to numerous prevention projects. The WHO emphasizes on prevention rather than the treatment of a disease.
What is the leading cause of death in children?
leading cause of death among children: accidental injury
Define and differentiate between modifiable risk factors and non-modifiable risk factors.
Modifiable risk factor is when you can make a change (example: hypertention. decrease the risk by excersize.)
non Modifiable is when there is nothing that can be done to decease the risk. U have it & there aint nothing u can do about it.
Metastasis
Metastasis is the movement or spreading of cancer cells from one organ or tissue to another.
The part of the cell that regulates what can enter or leave is the _____?
Plasma membrane or the cell membrane
What is the name of the "Power Plant" of the cell?
Mitochondria are large organelles that convert nutrients into energy for the cell to form ATP.
What are lysosomes?
Lysosomes remove waist and foreign materials from the cell. Lysosoms contain digestive enzymes.
How many chromosomes do cells have?
each cell contain half the number of (23) chromosomes.Upon fertilization, the nuclie of an egg and a sperm cell fuse forming a new organism that has a full set of (46) chromosomes
What are the stages of Mitosis?
When it is not dividing the cell,it is called interphase. Next stage (PMAT) Prophase, Metaphas, Anasphase, Telophase
Define Osmosis
Osmosis - diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane. The water moves from an area with higher concentration to an area with lower concentration
Define Hypotonic
Hypotonic-Draws water into a cell causing cell to swell. a solution that is less concentrated than the intercellular fluid. A cell placed in a hypotonic solution draws water in, swells, and may burst.
Define Hypertonic
Hypertonic solution is more concentrated. it loses water to the surrounding fluids and cell shrinks & dies. this is called crenation.
Define Isotonic solution
Isotonic- same concentration as blood, causing no movement. solutions with concentrations equal to the concentration of the cytoplasm are described as isotonic.
Define Hypotonic
Hypotonic-a solution that is less concentrated than the intercellular fluid. A cell placed in a hypotonic solution draws water in, swells, and may burst.
Define Hypertonic
Hypertonic solution is more concentrated. it loses water to the surrounding fluids and cell shrinks & dies. this is called crenation.
Define Isotonic
Isotonic- same concentration as blood, causing no movement. solutions with concentrations equal to the concentration of the cytoplasm are described as isotonic.
open bed
a bed that is already assigned to a client. Top fan folded down
closed bed
awaiting admission. The top part is closed
post operative bed
awaiting patient after surgury
Occupied Bed
Patient is in bed
What is the reason for a bed cradle?
Frame to prevent the sheets from touching the patients body.Used for fractures, burns, and open wounds
What is a side rail used for?
Side rail is used to prevent a patient from falling out of bed.
What is a foot board used for?
To prevent plantar flexion of the foot (aka foot drop)
What is the reason for a trapeze?
Allows patient to pull up in bed to a sitting position.
What is a traction used for?
Traction is ropes, weights and pulley support proper alignment. usually of the legs
Exocrine glands
Exocrine glands: have ducts that carry secretions away from the gland. Examples-glands that secrete digestive juices, sebaceous (oil) glands, and lacrimal (tear) glands.
Endocrine Glands
Endocrine Glands: Ductless glands that secrete directly into surrounding tissue fluid. Endocrine glands secrete hormones that effect target tissues.
What is the diff between exocrine and endocrine glands?
Glands are formed by epithelial cells to secrete a particular substance. Exocrine glands secrete their product into ducts. Endocrine secrete hormones into the blood
Neutrophil
Neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell, and they fight infections
Halitosis
Bad Breath
another word for Tooth Decay?
Carries
What is the correct way to wash dentures?
Lay a towel in the sink, and wear gloves.
Do not shave a patient that is on ___?
Blood thinners or anticoagulants.
Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac Muscle is known as myocardium. Cardiac muscle is a involuntary muscle
Neutron
The basic unit of nervous tissue is the neuron, or nerve cell.
Dendrite
carries nerve impulses to nerve cell body. Dendrite carries Towards.
Axon
Carries nerve impulses away from the nerve cell body.
Myelin Sheeth
insulates and protects the axon. white fatty material.
Synapse
Junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector
Adjusting crutches
top of the crutch should be 2-3 finger widths bellow the clients axillae when the clients elbows are flexed approx 30 degrees
What is the purpose of trochanter rolls?
when an immobile client is to lie on his back for some time, the trochanter roll is placed on each side of the legs. Trochanter rolls keep legs and feet from rotating outward, causing later deformities.
PROM
Passive range of motion (PROM). Nurse moves the clients joints and asssts in assuming various positions
CPM
Continuous passive motion (CPM) Often used after surgery for joint replacement or arthroscopic repair of a joint. its a machine that does it.
AROM
Active Range of Motion (AROM). Client is doing individual self directed exercises.
What side is a cane used?
On the good side
when is a transfer done using a bed board?
When a patient is paralyzed or spinal injury
Hemiplegia
A persn with hemiplegia is paralysed on 1 side of the body
Dermis
The dermis is an elastic connective tissue (its the middle layer) and is supplied with blood vessels and nerves.
Epidermis
The Epidermis layer is the top superficial layer and contains no blood vessels.
Subcutaneous Layer
The Subcutaneous layer is the bottom fatty layer. it connects the skin the the surface muscles. It contains loose connective tissue and large anounts of adipose (fat) tissue. theis layer is rich in nerves and supplies nerve impulses to and from the dermis and epidermis. The thickest part is the abdomen and the thinnest is the eye lids.
Sebaceous glands
Sebaceous Glands are oil glands. saclike structures that secrete sebum, lubricates the skin and hair preventing drying.
Sudoriferous Glands
Sudoriferous glands are sweat glands. they are located in the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue.
which skin layer is for pain sensation?
The Dermis
What is responsible for skin pigment?
Melanin
decubitus
decubitus: lying down
How many calories in 1 gram of carbohydrates, fat, and protein?
1 gram carbohydrate yields 4 calories
1 gram fat yields 9 calories
1 gram protein yields 4 calories
Name the fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins
fat-soluble vitamins: Vitamin A, D, E, K
water-soluble vitamins: Thiamin (B1), Riboflavin (b2), niacin (b3), vitamin b6, folate, b12
Identify at least three special nutritional considerations related to the elderly.
They need less calories, less fat and more calcium. Also, they need more fiber and more fluid
Lactose intolerance is more common in _____, ______, and _______ than in caucasians
Lactose intolerance is more common in African Americans, American Indians, and Asians than in Caucasians
Can economics influence peoples eating habits?
Yes
Nephron
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidneys.
where does the Renal vein empty its blood?
Into the inferior Vena Cava
What do the kidneys do?
The kidneys excrete unwanted substances, water balance, acid base balance of body fluids, blood pressure, red blood cell production
Bradycardia
Slow heart rate of less than 60 beats per min. usually does not fall bellow 50 beats pm
Tachycardia
Heart rate of more than 100 beats per min. This is normal during exercise or stress but may also happen during abnormal situations.
Arteries and Arterioles carry blood.....?
Arteries and Arterioles – carry blood away from the heart.
-elastic smooth muscular tubes
-aorta is the largest artery
Capillaries ....?
Capillaries
-microcirculation
Veins and Venules -Carry blood ..?
Veins and Venules -Carry blood to the heart.
-superior and inferior vena cava
Describe Systemic circulation
Systemic circulation occurs when blood is pumped from the left ventricle via the aorta to the body

Left Ventricle -> aorta -> arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins -> ivc/svc->heart
Describe Pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary circulation occurs when blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Right ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atria ->left ventricle
Arteries carry blood....?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Veins carry blood.....?
Veins carry blood towards the heart
Diastolic
Relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle
Systolic
contraction phase of the cardiac cycle
Diastolic
Relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle
Systolic
contraction phase of the cardiac cycle
List the functions of the lymphatic system
The lymphatic systems functions fall into 3 categories:
1. Fluid Balance
2. Protection from infection
3. Absorption of Fats.
What are the 5 steps in the nursing process?
Nursing assessment, Nursing Diagnosis,Planning,Implementation, evaluation.
Define the following steps of the nursing process: nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
Nursing Assessment: the systematic and continuous collection of data
Nursing Diagnosis: the statement of the clients actual or potential problem.
Planning: the development of goals for care and possible activities to meet them.
Implementation: the giving of actual nursing care.
Evaluation: the measurement of the effectiveness of nursing care.
What are the characteristics of the nursing process?
Characteristics of the nursing process: systematic, client-oriented, goal-oriented, continuous, and dynamic.
What is the most accurate way to get a temperature? and what is the least accurate?
Rectal is most accurate. Axillary is the least accurate.
Peripheral pulse?
Temporal pulse, mandibular pulse, carotid pulse, or femoral pulse.
Can the apical pulse be lower than any other pulse?
No
When do u not take the BP in the arms?
IV, Stroke, masectomy, or av shunt
adult ear drops
Pull ear up and back
Where is the apical pulse felt?
5th intercostal space, midclavical line
Where does digestion begin?
salivary amylase-enzyme start digestion in the mouth
Peripheral pulse?
Temporal pulse, mandibular pulse, carotid pulse, or femoral pulse.
Peripheral pulse?
Temporal pulse, mandibular pulse, carotid pulse, or femoral pulse.
Digestion starts and ends where?
Digestion starts in the mouth with salivery amylase; forms bolus.
Mouth->Esophagus sphincter->Esophagus->Stomach->Pyloric sphincter->duodenum->Jejunum->Ileum->ileocecal valve->veriform appendix->ascending colon->transverse colon->decending colon->sigmoid colon->rectum->anal canal->anus
Convergence
eyes track an object
Accomodation of eyes
adjustment as the accommodation of the lens of the eye
Differentiate between objective data and subjective data
Objective data are things that you directly see or measure. Subjective data are things the client feels and expresses, either verbally or non verbally
Where does digestion begin?
salivary amylase-enzyme start digestion in the mouth
Where does digestion begin?
salivary amylase-enzyme start digestion in the mouth
what is disphagia?
difficulty Swallowing
What does the Pancreas secrete? What are the endocrine hormones & what are the exocrine hormones?
endocrine secretes insulin as a key hormone produced to regulate the blood glucose level. The endocrine hormones are glucagone & somatostatin. The exocrine produces digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase & trypsin