Cum And Dum Clauses

Front 1

Cum Temporal

Back 1

~takes the indicative
~stating a fact, namely the time when something happened
~"when"
~"multum profect cum consul eram" i accomplished much when i was consul

Front 2

Cum Circumstantial

Back 2

~takes the subjunctive
~focuses more on the circumstances
~"when/while"
~"cum viri advenissent orationem habebat" when the men had arrives he gave a speech"

Front 3

Cum Causal

Back 3

~takes the subjunctive
~"since/because"
~"Cum animus agitaretur putare non potuit" Since his mind was agitated, he was not able to think

Front 4

Cum Concessive

Back 4

~takes the subjunctive
~"although"
~tip: "tamen" nevertheless, however
~"cum pauper sit tamen felix est"

Front 5

Time within which

Back 5

"dum" takes the present tense (even when your talking about past time
"dum princeps orationem habet, nuntius intravit"

Front 6

Coextensive

Back 6

dum(while/all the time/that/as long as) the claise takes whatever tense is needed
"dum magistra loquebatur, discipuli dormiebant"

Front 7

Dum temporal

Back 7

usually in the latter clause, takes the indicative
"quintus romae habitabat dum Maecenas fundum ei dedit"

Front 8

Anticipatory

Back 8

~dum = until
~takes the subjunctive
~expresses something that may or may not occur with the accompanying idea of anticipation or intention
"expectavit dum venirem"