Culture & Ethnicity

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culture

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consists of the totality of socially transmitted knowledge og values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a particular group that guides their thoughts and behaviors
a way of life

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subcultures

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applachian and missouri ozark cultures represent various ethnic, religious, and other groups with distinct characteristics from the dominant culture

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ethnicity

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refers to a shared identity related to social and cultural heritage such as values, language, geographical space, and racial characteristics

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examples of the ethnic groups

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vietnamese
brazilian
irish

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race

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limited to the common biological attributes shared by a group such as skin color
ex. blacks/white

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Korean belief after delivery

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seaweed soup- it cleanses the blood and promotes healing and lactation

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enculturation

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socialization into one's primary culture as a child

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acculturation

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process of adapting to and adopting a new culture

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assimilation

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when an individual gives up his or her ethnic identity in favor of the dominant culture

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buculturalism

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occurs when an individual identifies equally with two or more cultures

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cultural backlash

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occurs as a countercultual effect when experience with the new or different culture is extremely negative and the culture is then rejected

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nurses must avoid __________ or unwarranted generalizations about any particular group that prevents further assessment of the individual's unique characteristics

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stereotypes

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transcultural nursing

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a comparative study of cultures to understand similarities and differences across human groups

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the goal of transcultural nursing is

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culturally congruent care

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culturally congruent care

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care that fits the people's valued life patterns and set of meanings

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cultural awareness

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an in-depth self-examination of one's own background, recognizing biases and prejudices and assumptions about other people

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cultural knowledge

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obtaining sufficient comparatice knowledge of diverse groups

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cultural skills

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includes assessment of social, cultural, and biophysical factors influencing treatment and care of clients

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cultural encounters

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involve the engagement in cross-cultural interactions that can provide learning of other cultures and opportunities for effective intercultural communication development

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cultural desire

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is the motivation and commitment to caring that moves an individual to learn from others

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cultural competence

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the process of acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes that ensure delivery of culturally congruent care

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egyptian culture

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female modesty and gender-congruent care

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ethnocentrism

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tendency to hold one's own way of life as superior to others

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example of ethnocentrism

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a nurse refuses to give the prescribed pain medication to a young african male with sickle cell anemia b/c that young male africans are likely to be drug abusers

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cultural imposition

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use of their own values and lifeways as the absolute guide in dealing with clients and interpreting their behaviors

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cultural awareness

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an in-depth self-examination of one's own background, recognizing biases and prejudices and assumptions about other people

Front 27

cultural knowledge

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obtaining sufficient comparatice knowledge of diverse groups

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cultural skills

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includes assessment of social, cultural, and biophysical factors influencing treatment and care of clients

Front 29

cultural encounters

Back 29

involve the engagement in cross-cultural interactions that can provide learning of other cultures and opportunities for effective intercultural communication development

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cultural desire

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is the motivation and commitment to caring that moves an individual to learn from others

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believes robust body is considered a sign of health

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african groups

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believes a plump baby is a healthy baby

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hispanic

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believes pregnancy is not a medical condition but a normal life transition and pregnant woman should not go to the doctor unless she has a problem

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jamaican

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believes seizures and epilepsy is caused by wandering of the soul and intervention is by a shaman

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hmong refugees

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externalizing systems

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connect health and illness to social and cosmological factors

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AIDS seen as punishment from god or one's evil deeds is an example of

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externalizing systems

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internalizing systems

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observed in modern societies with highly scientific and technological capacity to examine internal structural and biological causes of health and illness

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naturlistic practitioners

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attribute illness to natural, impersonal, and biological forces that cause alteration in the quilibrium of the human body

ex. healing emphasize naturalistic modalities using herbs, chemicals, heat, cold, massage, and surgery

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personalistic practitioners

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believe that health and illness can be caused by active influence of an external agent

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examples of folk remedies

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coinings, cupping, pinching, and burning to relieve aches and pains and remove bad wind or noxious elements that cause illness

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believes robust body is considered a sign of health

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african groups

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believes a plump baby is a healthy baby

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hispanic

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believes pregnancy is not a medical condition but a normal life transition and pregnant woman should not go to the doctor unless she has a problem

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jamaican

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believes seizures and epilepsy is caused by wandering of the soul and intervention is by a shaman

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hmong refugees

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externalizing systems

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connect health and illness to social and cosmological factors

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AIDS seen as punishment from god or one's evil deeds is an example of

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externalizing systems

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internalizing systems

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observed in modern societies with highly scientific and technological capacity to examine internal structural and biological causes of health and illness

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naturlistic practitioners

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attribute illness to natural, impersonal, and biological forces that cause alteration in the quilibrium of the human body

ex. healing emphasize naturalistic modalities using herbs, chemicals, heat, cold, massage, and surgery

Front 49

personalistic practitioners

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believe that health and illness can be caused by active influence of an external agent

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examples of folk remedies

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coinings, cupping, pinching, and burning to relieve aches and pains and remove bad wind or noxious elements that cause illness

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culture that uses folk remedies

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southeast asian

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illnesses constituted by ther personal, social, and cultural explanations and reactions of a given society to perceived dysfunctions or abnormalities in its members

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culture-bound syndrome

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hwa-byung

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korean culture-bound syndrome resembles menopause

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they value group interdependence

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hispanics

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infertility is considered grounds for divorce and rejection among....

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arabs

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believes that pregnancy out of wedlock may result in severe sanctions meted out by the family against the female

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muslims

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-family protects the pregnant woman from emotional and physical stress
-she is prevented from viewing the dead or hearing news of death
-avoid eating chicken, crab, eggs, duck, rabbit, and fruits(harm babys' app.)

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Korean

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view pregnancy as a hot state, so cold foods such as milk, yogurt, sour foods, and veggies are encouraged

hot foods may cause miscarriage

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hindus

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lactose intolerate culture

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asians

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value modesty

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afgan and arab women

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believe that the outcome of the pregnancy is gods will and refuses prenatal testing

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filipino

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believe baby showers early in pregnancy bring bad luck

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hispanics

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avoid baby showers and do not announce the baby's name before the naming ceremony- may bring bad luck

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orthodox jews

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verbally expressive of their pain during labor

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puerto rican and mexican women

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fear of drug addiction and that pain is a form of spiritual atonement for one's past deeds motivate this culture

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filipino

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believe that crying and screaming are shameful and consider labor pains as expected and to be endured

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southeast asian

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prohibit the presence of males from the delivery room

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muslims, hundus, and orthodox jews

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whispers the islamic call to prayer in the newborn's ear, welcoming the baby

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muslims

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bury or dispose of the placenta congruent with gender-defferentiated attributes for the child

ex. females bury close to home b/c primary task is to take care of family

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native americans and hispanics

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newborns are considered a year old at birth

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vietnamese and koreans

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birth of a son is celebrated in ..

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chinese, asian, indians, islamic groups and igbos

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baby has several first names

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hispanic

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newborn is kept inside of home until baptized

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catholic filipinos

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babies are not bathed for a number of days

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iranians

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colostrum is dirty and not fir to be given to a newborn

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hindus and muslims

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soups, eggs, and tea are preferred by this group after delivery

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chinese

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pistachio nuts and eggs are preferred by this group after delivery

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iranian

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believes reincarnation or rebirth

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hindus and buddhists

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a systematic and comprehenseive examination of the cultural care values, beliefs, and practices of individuals, families, and communities

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cultural assessment

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goal of cultural assessment

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to generate from the clients themselves significant information and understanding that will enable the nurse to implement culturally congruent care

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may be suffered by a client whose valued way of life is disregarded by practitioner

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cultural pain

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may object to a diagnosis of terminal illness or cancer

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muslims

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the dead is usually buried before sundown

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jews

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believes that the spirit of a dead body takes some time to leave the body and therefore refuses to relocate the burial site once buried

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buddhists

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believe bringing a stillborn fetus to mother to promote healthy grieving

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hindus and buddhists

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culture where mourners wear white

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hindu

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may refuse autopsy or organ donaton for fear of desecrating the dead and b/c of their belief that one has to be whole to appear in front of the creator

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muslims

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refers to significant historical experiences of a particular group
ex. great depression caused older americans to save everything

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ethnohistory

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knowing culture

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census data

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a woman's private pats are not generally discussed with members of the opposite sex

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hispanic asian groups

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tay-sachs is common among

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ashkenazi jews

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malignant hypertension is common among

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african americans

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nonblood kin

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fictive

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patrilineally extended families

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chinese and hindus

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a clients status within the _________________ is generally linked with qualities such as age and gender as well as achieved staus such as education and position

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social hierarchy

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the eldest male is next to his father in terms of authority in

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asian and african cultures

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females perform the task of caregiving whereas males are expected to be the providers and major decision makers

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islamic and arabic cultures

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believe spirits could be those of dead ancestors or forces external to the person

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hmong animist

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spirituality may mean an inner personal relationship with god

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anglo-american

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pray five times a day and undergo an obligatory ritual cleansing of some parts of their body before praying

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muslims

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when jews refrain from using electrical appliances

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sabbath

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avoid beef and many are vegetarians

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hindus

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meat, fish, fresh fruit, vegetables, eggs, milk and cheese are permissible
fasting during the daylight

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muslims

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avoid meat from carnivores, pork products, and fish without scales or fins referred to as kosher diet

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jews

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avoid blood transfusion

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jehovah witnesses

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male circumcision is practiced among these cultures

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jews and islamic

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female circumcision is practiced among these cultures

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african and muslims

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family of dying waits by bedside to put a drop of holy water on the clients lips for soul of the next life

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hindu

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when jews refrain from using electrical appliances

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sabbath

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avoid beef and many are vegetarians

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hindus

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meat, fish, fresh fruit, vegetables, eggs, milk and cheese are permissible
fasting during the daylight

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muslims

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avoid meat from carnivores, pork products, and fish without scales or fins referred to as kosher diet

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jews

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avoid blood transfusion

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jehovah witnesses

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male circumcision is practiced among these cultures

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jews and islamic

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female circumcision is practiced among these cultures

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african and muslims

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family of dying waits by bedside to put a drop of holy water on the clients lips for soul of the next life

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hindu