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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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definition of culture
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2 views, anthropologists vs archaeologists; all include the human environment, way of life, behavior, food and eating habits, dress and appearance, values and norms, and information and communication
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culture as a civilization
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some are more cultured or civilized compared to others, depends on activities
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cultures by religion
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Christianity - 33%
Islam - 20% Hinduism - 13% Buddhism - 5-6% |
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religion by region
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Africa - #1 Christ, #2 Islam
China - Buddhism India - 80% Hinduism North America - 75% Christ US - 80% Christ Mexico - 94% Christ South America - 90% Christ Australia - 2/3 Christ |
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types and levels of cultures
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refers to national culture of a country
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universal culture
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culture of all nationalities
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civilization
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refers to culture of a particular area including political systems, economy, and religion
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ethnicity
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incorporates language, religion, and color
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race culture
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the culture of a specific race
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regional cultures
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ex: southeast US hicks, country folk, etc.
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generation cultures
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"baby boomers"
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professional cultures
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doctors, lawyers, etc.
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individual cultures
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gender, age, income
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cultural pyramid (6 levels, starting from bottom)
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individual->family->industry->nationality->civilization->universal
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Africa (4)
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-most important unit is the family
-elderly are leaders who make rules -friendship is based on trust and sincerity -time is unlimited |
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Mexico (4)
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-value family and cultural groups
-social relationships are extremely important because they like to socialize -have a lot of respect for past and history -follow rules |
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Asia, in general (2)
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-respect for elderly population, parents, ancestors, and tradition
-family is the most important element |
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China
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-means "center of the world" & they believe that
-people are very determined, honorable, persistent, patient, punctual, reserved, and respectful. -group oriented and long-term oriented. -do not sign contracts |
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China's 4 most important values
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friendship, wisdom, freedom, and mature love
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Japan (5)
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-elderly are extremely important & have authority
-high respect for social classes -do not like to stand out -don't take risks bc they enjoy physical and psychological security -work very hard, but have difficulty dealing with strangers |
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Europe, in general (2)
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-have a sense of survival; long term survival > $$
-have a sense of social responsibility (community, working together, etc.) |
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France (3 & quote)
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-highly individualistic and want to be seen as different, unique, special
-like and enjoy power, but dislike competition -very proud of culture and language and love life because they focus on quality of life "Work to live rather than live to work." |
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Germans
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-hard working, reserved, disciplined, meticulous, well organized, punctual
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UK (3)
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-very traditional, reserved, and distant
-avoid conflicts and do not complain -respect superiors and believe in good manners and etiquette |
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Spain (2)
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-enjoy, life, company, food, music
-proud of heritage and love spending lots of time together |
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Middle East (Arab, 3)
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-place people and country first
-seek close, personal relationships -expect visitors to abide by local standards |
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North America (US, 8)
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-very active and motivated to stay active
-believe in equality, success, aggression -competition is healthy -highly efficient, organized, plan -firmly believe in freedom of expression -optimistic, value time; time is limited -materialistic and exhibit very little interest in the outside world -education = self-development |
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major cultural differences that impact inter-cultural communication
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verbal and nonverbal
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Western cultures
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individualistic
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European and American cultures are
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abstractive (want facts, physical evidence, eye witnesses, etc.)
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Americans usually appear ____ in communication style
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confrontational
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major aspects of human behavior include
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mind, body, spirit
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members of collective societies have many
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rules
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In India, rules of social interaction are influenced by
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cultural values
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