Cultural Geography

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Agribusiness

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Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.

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Agriculture

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The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.

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Cereal grain

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A grass yielding grain for food.

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Chaff

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Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.

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Combine

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A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field.

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Commercial agriculture

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Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.

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Crop

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Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season.

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Crop rotation

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The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.

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Double cropping

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Harvesting twice a year from the same field.

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Grain

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Seed of a cereal grass.

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Horticulture

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The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.

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Hull

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The outer covering of a shell.

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Intensive subsistance agriculture

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A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.

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Milkshed

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The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.

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Paddy

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Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah.

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Pastoral Nomadism

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A form of susbsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.

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Pasture

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Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing.

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Plantation

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A large farm in tropical an dsubtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.

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Prime agricultural land

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The most productive farmland.

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Ranching

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A form of commercial agriculture in whcih livestock graze over an extansive area.

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Reaper

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A machine that cuts grain standing in the field.

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Sawah

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A flooded field for growing rice.

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Seed agriculture

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Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization.

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Slash and burn agriculture

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Another name for shiftin gcultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.

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Shifting cultivation

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A form of susbistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one fielf to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.

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Spring wheat

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Wheat platned in the spring and harvested in the late summer.

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Subsistence agriculture

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Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family.

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Swidden

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A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.

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Thresh

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To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it

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Transhumance

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The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.

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Truck farming

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Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named becasue truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities.

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Vegetative planting

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Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants.

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Wet rice

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Rice planted on dryland in a nursery, then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth

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Winnow

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To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind.

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Winter wheat

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Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer.