Cultural Factors In Public Health

Front 1

Unemployment rate

Back 1

community's aggregate unemployment rate or an individual's personal unemployment experience. According to the official measure in the US, the unemployment rate is the number of people who have recently been seeking work divided by the number of people who are in the labor force (either employed or seeking work)

Front 2

Why is unemployment rate flawed?

Back 2

individuals who want to work but who have given up seeking work, the so-called discouraged workers, are not counted as officially unemployed. They are considered out of the labor force (OLF) with students, retirees, etc. The unemployment rate could decrease in bad times if many job seekers became discouraged

Front 3

Double Jeopardy Hypothesis

Back 3

assumes that, because of economic disparities and discrimination, displaced Black and Hispanic workers will be less able to cope with job loss and should experience larger health declines. Lower earnings and fewer assets mean that black and hispanic workers frequently have fewer resources to buffer against the strain of job loss/unemployment

Front 4

reverse double jeopardy hypthesis

Back 4

assumes that white workers suffer bigger health declines than their black and hispanic counterparts because white workers will typically have farther to fall following job loss. The loss of SES after displacement may be more serious for health; blacks and hispanics work more jobs where they are exposed to occupational hazards, so leaving a job may improve health

Front 5

no double jeopardy hypothesis

Back 5

predicts no racial/ethnic variation in the health consequences of job loss. Since socioeconomic disparities can account for substantial amounts of racial/ethnic health gaps, and job loss marks a significant disruption to one's usual SES, racial/ethnic health disparities may be less pronounced following job loss. The socioeconomic shock of job loss may have a semi-homogenizing effect disrupting typical racial/ethnic disparities in standards of living. It is important to highlight, though, that even if there is no evidence of double jeopardy, higher rates of job loss among black and hispanic workers may still contribute to health disparities

Front 6

6 most frequent measures of SES

Back 6

income, poverty, education, occupation, wealth, and net worth (combination of income, education, and occupational prestige)

Front 7

Income

Back 7

income refers to money obtained from employment, transfer programs or other sources

Front 8

poverty

Back 8

more than income, internalized chronic condition that involves hopelessness, despair, and a lack of financial and material resources. Federal poverty measures do not capture the full meaning of poverty

Front 9

income vs. poverty

Back 9

The definition of poverty takes into consideration the total income of the household given the number of people who are dependent upon that income. Income doesn't account for household size

Front 10

Blue button initiative

Back 10

allows veterans to download their health history

Front 11

culture/ethnicity (3 aspects)

Back 11

food, religion, clothing, art, healing beliefs/practices, value orientation, etc

Front 12

3 hurts that can be disclosed

Back 12

if you hurt yourself, hurt someone else, or are being hurt by someone else

Front 13

outcomes of associations between segregation and health/neighborhood

Back 13

higher infant mortality and adult mortality, higher rates of TB, more hospital admissions, less access to healthy food, less access to opportunities for physical activity

Front 14

health disparities

Back 14

differences in health among different groups indicative of injustice and unfairness

Front 15

health dissimilarities

Back 15

differences in health among different groups that are not indicative of injustice

Front 16

health care disparities

Back 16

differences in quality of care that are not due to clinically appropriate decisions (based on race or gender)

Front 17

Health status disparities

Back 17

differences in the incidence or prevalence in disease or illness. Differences can be among racial or ethnic groups, socioeconomic groups, or other groups.