Cultural Anthropology Test 1

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Anthropology

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The study of humankind in all times and places

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Holistic perspective

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a fundamental principle of anthropology: that the various parts of human culture and biology need a broad view to understand their connection to one another

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Ethnocentrism

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the belief that one's own culture is the only proper one

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culture-bound

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outlook based off assumptions and values of one's own culture

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Applied anthropology

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used to solve practical problems thru anthro methods and knowledge

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Medical Anthropology

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combination of theoretical and applied approaches to assist study of human health/disease

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Physical Anthropology

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Study of humans as biological organisms; Biological anthropology

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Molecular Anthropology

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branch of bio anthropology. uses techniques to test human evolution, adaption, and variation

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Paleoanthropology

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study of origins and predecessors of the present human species; study of evolution

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Bio-cultural

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focusing on the interaction of biology and culture

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Primatology

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study of living and fossil primates

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forensic anthropology

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branch of physical anthropology to identify human remains for legal purposes

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Culture

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Society's shared and transmitted ideas, values and perceptions.

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cultural anthropology

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social/sociocultural anthropology. study of customary patterns in humans and behaviors, thoughts, feelings

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ethnography

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detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork

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field work

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on location research

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participation observation

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learning culture thru social interaction and participation

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Ethnology

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study of culture

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Linguistic anthropology

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study of human languages

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discourse

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an extended communication on a particular subject

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archaeology

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the study of human cultures through analysis of material remains and environmental data

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bio-archaeology

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study of human remains with a focus on preservation

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cultural resource management

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focus on preservation of cultural heritage, historic and prehistoric

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enculturation

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the process by which a society passes culture from generation to generation

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cultural relativism

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the idea you must suspend your judgement in order to understand.

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urgent anthropology

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research about dying cultures, salvage anthropology

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advocacy anthropology

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research that is community based and politically involved

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multi-sited ethnography

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documented people and cultures as they relate to global culture.

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ethnographic field work

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extended on site work to study cultures in more depth

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key consultant

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a member of a society being studied who helps an anthropologist.

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quantitative data

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measurable information

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qualitative data

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non statistical info about events and life stories. quality of information.

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informal interview

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open conversation in everyday life

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formal interview

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structured information during a conversation such as questions.

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eliciting device

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an activity or method used to help subjects recall information

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digital ethnography

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digital assistance in ethnographic work

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ethnohistory

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study of cultures through oral stories or analysis of personal records

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theory

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an explanation supported by data

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Human Relations Area Files (HRAF)

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vast collection of ethnographic and archaeological material

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idealist perspective

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theoretical approach stressing primacy of superstructure in cultural research and analysis

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material perspective

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theoretical approach stressing primacy of infrastructure in cultural research and analysis

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evolution

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change in genetic make up of a culture over time

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genes

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biological traits passed through parents to children

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adaptation

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beneficial adjustments of organisms to their environment

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natural selection

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having a genetic biological advantage which increases reproduction throughout a society

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species

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population or groups having common traits and genetic make-up

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primate

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subgroup of mammals that include lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans

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hominoid

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broad shouldered tailless group of primates that include all living and extinct apes and humans

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bipedalism

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two footed, up right walking creature.

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Australopithecus

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genus directly linked to human ancestors, 1.1-1.4 million years ago

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lower paleolithic

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first part of the old stone age spanning from 200,000 to 2.6 million years ago

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Oldowan tool tradition

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first tool industry beginning at start of lower paleolithic era, 2.5-2.6 million years ago

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Homo Habilis

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"handy man" first members of human fossil "Homo". 2.5 to 2.6 million years ago. large brains and smaller faces than Australopithecus

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Homo Erectus

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originating 2 million years ago. "Upright Man"

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Neanderthals

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distinct genus of humans inhabiting Europe and S. Asia from 30,000 to 125,000 years ago

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Mousterian Tool Tradition

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tool industry known among Neanderthals.

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Upper Paleolithic

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the last part (10,000-40,000) of the stone age.

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multiregional hypothesis

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modern humans originated thru process of simultaneous local transition from Homo Erectus to Homo Sapiens

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recent african origins hypothesis

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everyone originated from africa

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race

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a subgroup within a species, not scientifically applicable to humans because no sub groups exist in modern Homo Sapiens