Cultural Anthropology: Religon, And The Supernatural

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World View

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The collective body of ideas that members of a culture generally share concerning the ultimate shape and substance of their reality

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Religion

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An organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural, along with associated ceremonail practices by which people try to interpret and influence aspects of the universe otherwise beyonf their control

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Spirituality

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Concern with the sacred, as distinguished from material matters. In contrast to religion, spirituality is often individual rather than collective and does not require a distinctive format or traditional organization

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Polytheism

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Belief in several gods and/or goddesses (as contrasted with monotheism-belief in one god or goddess)

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Pantheon

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The several gods and goddesses of a people

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Animism

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A belief that nature is animated (enlivened or energized) by distinct personalized spirit beings separarble from bodies.

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Animatism

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A belief that nature is enlivened or energized by an impersonal spiritual of supernatual potency

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Priest

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A full-time religious specialist formally recognized for his or her role in guiding he religious practices of others and for contracting and influencing supernatural powers

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Shaman

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A person who enters an altered state of consciousness- at will- to contract and utilize an ordinary hidden reality in oder to aquire knowledge, power, and to help others

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Rite of Passage

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A ritual that marks an important stage in an indivual's life cylce, such as birth, marriage, and death

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Seperation

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In rite of passage, the ritual removal of the individual from society

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Seperation

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In a rite of passage, the ritual removal of the individual from society

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Transition

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In a rite of passage, isolation of the individual following seperation and prior to incorporation into society

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Incorporation

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In a rite of passage, reincorporation of the individual into society into society in his or her new status

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Rite of intensification

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a ritual that takes place during a crisis in the life of the group and serves to bind individuals together

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Imitative Magic

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Magic based on the principle that like produces like; somtimes called sympathetic

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Contragious magic

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magic based on the principle that things or persons once in contract can influence each other after the contract in broken

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Witchcraft

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An explanation of even based on the belief the certain individuals possess an innate psychi power capable of causing harm, including sickness and death

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Divination

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A magical procedure or spiritual ritual designated to find out about what is not knowable by ordinary means, such as foretelling the future by interpreting omens

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Revitalization movement

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A movement for radical cultural reform in response to widespread social disruption and collective feelings of great stress and despair

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Cargo Cult

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A spiritual movement (especially noted in Melanesia) in reaction to disruptive contract with Western capitalism, promising resurrection of deceased relatives, destruction or enslavement of white foreigners, and the magical arrival of utopian riches.