Cultural Anthropology Final

Front 1

Three Phases of Cultural Evolution

Back 1

- Savagery (subsist on wild plants and animals)
- Barbarism (people start to use agriculture)
- Civilization (begins with the invention of writing)

Front 2

What is the importance of storytelling to indigenous people?

Back 2

Many indigenous people do not have a written language, so storytelling is the only record they have of their culture.

Front 3

Define Narrative

Back 3

Symbolic forms of stories or myths that transmit culture across generations

Front 4

Empiricism

Back 4

The practice of conducting studies through direct observation and objective description

Front 5

LIST: 5 of Franz Boa's Contributions

Back 5

Cultural relativism (observations are relative to the culture being observed)
Historical particularism (we adapt to particular historical conditions)
Empiricism (direct observation, objective description)
Fieldwork (as opposed to armchair philosophy)
Scientific Inquiry (observable facts)

Acronym: CHEFS

Front 6

WHO IS: Franz Boas

Back 6

German American who is considered the father of anthropology

Front 7

Define Interpretive Anthropology?

Back 7

The emphasis of the meanings people communicate through symbols

Front 8

Define Ethnohistory?

Back 8

Field of study for reconstructing and interpreting the history of indigenous peoples from their point of view as well as the points of view of outside observers

Front 9

Define Culture Shock?

Back 9

A feeling an anthropologist may have at the start of fieldwork of being out of place in unfamiliar surroundings

Front 10

How do humans differ from animals in their methods of survival?

Back 10

Animals depend mostly on their physical adaptations for survival, humans rely on culture

Front 11

Childbirth Practice of the Ju/'hoansi?

Back 11

Mothers attended by healers, healers go into trance (called kia), confront spirits causing harm to mother and child. Lay hands on mothers abdomen transferring healing energy (called num) as a form of protection

Front 12

Process of Enculturation?

Back 12

From birth babies absorb everything they see and hear and through this and formal instruction they learn the ways of their people

Front 13

We "Naturalize" our Culture...meaning:

Back 13

We seem to absorb cultural messages without conscious effort.

Front 14

Social Birth

Back 14

Social recognition of the transition to personhood

Front 15

Childbirth Rite Performed by the Lohorung Rai?

Back 15

Babies are introduced to the ancestors when they are 5 (girls) or 6 (boys) days old. Infants and mothers considered dangerous until this is done. Lack of contact with the ancestors puts them in danger and makes them dangerous. No ceremony or a bad ceremony may harm the child and it's future

Front 16

LIST: 1 example of how attitudes toward children and child rearing are consistent with the core values of a culture

Back 16

In societies that cooperate economically children are taught to play and work communally

Front 17

How do children learn their culture?

Back 17

Through in formal observation and formal instruction

Front 18

Why does weaning take place later in rural and impoverished communities?

Back 18

Mother's milk normally is a reliably available source of food

Front 19

How does America's sleeping arrangements for infants and children differ from most cultures around the world?

Back 19

American children spend much less time in bed or the same room with the parents in comparison to the world

Front 20

LIST: 3 Ways Attitudes Regarding Children & Childhood Have Changed in America from the MId-Twentieth Century to the present

Back 20

•1950's - Expert guided, child centered, financially expensive

•1960's-1990's - Childs life a matter of public opinion and expert debate

•Today - Children are the financial center and enjoy leisure time.

Front 21

Define Folklore

Back 21

Texts that relate traditional stories, handed down from generation to generation

Front 22

Define Status?

Back 22

The position or rank that one occupies in a group or society that carries certain role expectations

Front 23

6 Factors that Contribute to Status

Back 23

gender, race, age, class, ethnicity, religion

Acronym: GRACER

Front 24

Define Gender Identity

Back 24

The way that people think about themselves in terms of their sex, or how they present themselves as men or women

Front 25

Rites of Passage

Back 25

Rituals that mark culturally significant transitions throughout the life cycle

birth, puberty, marriage, death

Front 26

1947 UNGA Resolution 181

Back 26

Partitioned Palestine creating "independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem"

Front 27

LIST: 5 Arab Speaking Countries Palestinians Fled to

Back 27

Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, Egypt, Syria

Acronym: JILES

Front 28

Article 11 UNGA Resolution 194

Back 28

Establishes the right of return for Palestinian refugees displaced by the 1948 Arab-Israeli War

Front 29

Ideological Shift from "Palestinian Cause" to "Palestinian Problem"

Back 29

At first humanitarian because they were likely to return to their homes
Finally as a burden when return home seemed impossible

Front 30

Define confessionalism

Back 30

Proportionately distributes political power between the country's major religious sects

Front 31

Confessionalism's effect on Palestinians living in Lebanon

Back 31

The citizenship of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon would upset the balance of power of confessionalism in favor of Muslims

Front 32

LIST: 5 Major Discriminations Palestinians are Subjected to in Lebanon

Back 32

Work (limited)
Identity checks (limit movement)
Property (can't own or inherit)
Education (lack thereof)
Slums living conditions (garbage, low electric wires, overcrowding, exposure to disease)

Acronym: WIPES as in.. ok I'm not going there.

Front 33

WHAT IS: Fatah al-Islam?

Back 33

A radical Islamist faction loyal to al-Qaida that hides in the Palestinian slums of Lebanon

Front 34

WHAT IS: Islands of Insecurity?

Back 34

Groups of disjointed people who are marginalized and discriminated against and thus are ripe for extremist to brainwash into anti-government action