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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anthropology
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comparative, holistic science of human populations
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comparative
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studying human populations all over the world and in all historical periods to look for similarities and differences
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holistic
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studying all aspects of human biology and behavior
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cultural anthropology (ethnology)
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comparative study pf the ways of life of contemporary populations all over the world
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operational definition
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a description of the procedure that is followed to measure a variable
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random sample
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one in which all cases selcted have had an equal chance to be included
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mode/model response
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most frequently encountered response in a series of responses i.e. typical chracteristics
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participant observation
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living among the people being studied-- observing, questioning, and (when possible) taking part in the important events of the group one is studying
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culture shock
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a common psychological response to an unfamiliar culture, characterized by disorientation and anxiety.
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ethnograpghy
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description and analysis of a single society
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postpartum sex taboo
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prohibition of sexual intercourse between a couple for a period of time after the birth of their child
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cross-cultural research
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analyzing worldwide samples of many societies to test possible explanations of cultural variation
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kwashiorkor "second-child disease"
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a severe protein deficiency disease common in tropical areas
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society
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a group of people who occupy a particular territory and speak a common language not generally understood by neighboring peoples
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culture
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set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals that are characteristic of a particular society or population
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subculture
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the shared customs of a subgroup within a society
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socialization
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the lifelong process of the learning a culture, both formally and informally, consciously and unconsciously, beginning at the time of language acquisition
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proxemics
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the study of the cultural meaning of space
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social constraint
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the limitation or restraint of an individual's behavior due to his or her awareness of the opinions and probable responses of other people
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integrated
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the elements or traits that make up a culture are not just a random assortment of customs, but are mostly adjusted to or consistent with each other
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ethnocentrism
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attitude that other societies' customs ideas con judged in the context of that society's problems and oppurtunities
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myth of the noble savage
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tendency to view primitive cultures as ideal, better than our own, or closer to nature
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cultural relativism
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attitude that a society's customs and ideas can be judged in the context of that society's problems and opportunities
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adaptation
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appropriate response to environmental to environmental pressures or stresses
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natural selection
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1. organisms vary and these variations are often inherited by their offspring 2. organisms are capable of producing many more offspring than can possibly survive 3.on average, offspring that vary most strongly in directions favored by the environment will survive and reproduce
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cultural ecology
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analysis of the relationship between a culture and its environment
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maladaptive
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customs that diminish the chances of survival and reproduction in a particular environment
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ecosystem
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all the living and nonliving things in a natural habitat, along with their interrelations
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subsistence technology
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fodd-getting; tools and methods humans use to procure food
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foragers
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people who subsist on the collection of naturally occurring plants and animals; synonyms; food collectors, hunter gatherers.
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