Ctr

Front 1

Eukaryotes

Back 1

- Have a well defined nucleus.
- 4 Structures: Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, intracellular material and organelles

Front 2

The Cell Wall. Primary and Secondary.

Back 2

Primary:
Plants and algae have cellulose
Fungi has chitin
Secondary:
Some plants have a secondary cell wall - lignin

Front 3

Compare Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells

Back 3

1. Eukaryotic chromosomes are found inside a membrane-bound compartment nucleus
2. Eukaryotes are larger
3. Eukaryotes contain extensive amounts of internal membrane
4. Eukaryotes feature a diverse and dynamic cytoskeleton

Front 4

Prokaryotes

Back 4

Lack a nucleus. DNA is organised in a nucleod

Front 5

Bacterial cells (prokaryotes) contain DNA molecules called ____ which carry additional genes.

Back 5

Plasmids

Front 6

Cytoplasm contains

Back 6

Cytosol
Organelles
Inclusions
Protein fibers/Cytoskeleton

Front 7

Microtubule function

Back 7

'Railroad tracks'. Transport vesicles move through the cell along these microtubule tacks in an energy-dependent process.

Front 8

Plasma Membrane function

Back 8

Nutrient movement and molecular transport
Controls ionic composition and osmotic pressure
Facilitates endocytosis, exocytosis, communication

Front 9

Plasma Membrane Structure

Back 9

Basic Structural unit = Phospholipid bilayer
Proteins, carbohydrates and lipids.
(+ cholesterol in animal cells, steroids in plant cells)
Glycoproteins and glycolipids for signalling and transport

Front 10

The Plasma membrane is fluidity dependent on:

Back 10

Temperature, lipid composition and cholesterol content of membrane

Front 11

Cytoskeleton is needed for

Back 11

cell shape, anchoring points, motility (movement) and cell division

Front 12

Tubulin, actin filaments and intermediate filaments are:

Back 12

Microtubules

Front 13

Microtubules provide

Back 13

stability, maintain cell shape, movement, intracellular transport and is a structural framework for organelles

Front 14

Cilia and flagella are

Back 14

motile elements on animal cell surfaces and microorganisms that contain microtubules

Front 15

Cilia

Back 15

beat back and forth. It moves a fluid medium across the surface of cells that are not free to move.

Front 16

Flagella

Back 16

Rotate. It can move a cell through a liquid medium.

Front 17

Describe actin filaments. Think of the myosin interaction.

Back 17

The smallest cytoskeleton element.
Function: Cell shape and movement
form from polymenzation for actin molecules

Front 18

An example of what actin filaments can do during cell division

Back 18

It can divide animal cells in 2 during cytokinesis by pinching the membrane in two

Front 19

Intermediate filaments

Back 19

Forms a flexible skeleton to help shape the cell surface and hold the nucleus in place

Front 20

Inclusions

Back 20

Glycogen, lipid droplets.

Granules not membrane bound

Front 21

Nucleus

Back 21

Structure:
Double membrane nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores allow movement of RNA and proteins
Lamina: 2D network of proteins, gives shape and supports membrane

Function:
Contains chromosomes
rRNA synthesised and ribosome subunits assembled in nucleolus

Front 22

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes

Back 22

Structure:
It is continuous with the nuclear envolope
membrane bound tubes and sacs studded with ribosomes
Function:
RIBOSOMES synthesise proteins.
Proteins are folded and processed in the rough ER lumen

Front 23

Ribosomes are the ______ factories. Are they considered as organelles? They can be attached to the rough ER or

Back 23

Protein. No, they are inclusions. Free in the cytosol.

Front 24

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum lacks _______. What is their function? They are also a __________ for ___ ions.

Back 24

Ribosomes. The enzymes within the SER synthesise fatty acids and phosphopids, or break down poisonous lipids. They are a resevoir for calcium ions.

Front 25

Golgi Apparatus is the _____ centre. Why?

Back 25

Shipping.

It processes, sorts, and ships proteins synthesised in the rough ER. Membranous vesicles carry materials to and from the organelles

Front 26

Mitochondria structure

Back 26

It has 2 membranes.
The inner is folded into a series of sac like cristae.

Front 27

Mitochondrial matrix is the

Back 27

solution inside the cristae of the mitochondria.

Front 28

What other organelle (apart from the nucleus) that have their own DNA and manufacture their own ribosomes.

Back 28

Mitochondria.

Front 29

The main function of mitochondria

Back 29

ATP production.

Front 30

Explain the extracellular matrix

Back 30

It consists of collagen, proteoglycans and other components that give STRENGTH and RIGIDITY in connective tissue