Ctc

Front 1

buzzword is linear soft tissue filling defect within the airway

Back 1

exudative trachieitis

Front 2

loss of normal shoulders (lateral convexities) of the subglottic trachea

Back 2

steeple sign

Front 3

7% have the PHACES syndrome.

Back 3

subglottic hemangiomas

Front 4

PH ACES

Back 4

P- Posterior fossa brain malformationH- HemangiomasA- Arterial anomaliesC- Coarctation of aorta, cardiac defectsE- Eye abnormalitiesS- Subglottic hemangiomas

Front 5

Classic histories: C-Section, Maternal Sedation, Maternal Diabetes

Back 5

TTN

Front 6

Most cases of PIE occur in the ___week oftime

Back 6

first

Front 7

bronchopulmonary dysplasia - which looks similar - occurs in patients older than

Back 7

2 weeks

Front 8

intralobar seques presents in

Back 8

adolescence or adulthood with recurrent pneumonias

Front 9

intralob seques most commonly occurs in what lobe

Back 9

left lower lobe posterior segment (2/3s)

Front 10

does extralobar seques get infected?

Back 10

It rarely gets infected sinceit has its own pleural covering.

Front 11

associated anomalies in extralobar seques

Back 11

Congenital cysticadcnomatoid mal formation (CCAM), congenital diaphragmatic herni a, vertebralanomalies, congenital heart di sease, pulmonary hypoplasia

Front 12

do bronchogenic cysts have gas in them?

Back 12

They typically doNOT communicate with the airway, so if they have gas in them you should worry aboutinfection.

Front 13

malignant transformation of CCAM - 2

Back 13

pleuropulmonary blastoma,rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 14

If congenital diaphrag hernia is on the right, there is an association with

Back 14

GBS Pneumonia

Front 15

Peribronchial edema isthe buzzword for the CXR findi ng.

Back 15

viral infection

Front 16

lt typically occurs after a viral lunginfection in childhood resulting in post in fectious obliterative bronchiolitis. The size of' theatTcctedlobe is smaller than a normal lobe (it's not hyperexpanded).

Back 16

Swyer ,James- This is the classic unilateral lucent lung

Front 17

"Multiple lung nodules which demonstmtecavitation" is the classic scenario.

Back 17

Papillomatosis- Perin atal HPV can cause these soft ti ssue masses within the airway andlungs. also in adult smokers.

Front 18

why CF men are infertile

Back 18

vas deferens missing

Front 19

which lobes affected in CF vs PCD

Back 19

CF- upper

PCD- lower

Front 20

what % of PCD have kartageners (situs inversus)

Back 20

50%

Front 21

Middle mediastinal lymphadenopathy is most often from

Back 21

granulomatous disease (TB or Fungal), or from lymphoma

Front 22

most common posterior mediastinal mass in a child under2

Back 22

neuroblastoma

Front 23

This is now considered part of the EwingSarcoma spectrum, and is sometimes called an Ewingsarcoma of the chest wal l.

Back 23

Askin Tumor (Primitive Neuroectodermal tumor of thechest wall):

Front 24

3 types of duplication cysts

Back 24

bronchogenic, enteric, neuroenteric

Front 25

pulmonary sling is the only variant that goesbetween the esophagus and the trachea. A classic question, is that this is associated with

Back 25

trachea stenosis.

Front 26

Corkscrew Duodenum - This is diagnostic of

Back 26

midgut volvulus

Front 27

this does NOT occur at birth or after 3 months. There is aspeei tic age range 2-12 weeks (peak at 3-6 weeks).

Back 27

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Front 28

which type of gastric volvulus is more common in kids

Back 28

mesenteroaxial

twisting over the mesentary (rotation along short ax is).

Front 29

Apressure gradient causes the formation of the "WindSock"

Back 29

duodenal web

Front 30

Short Microcolon - Think about

Back 30

Colonic atresia

Front 31

Long Microcolon- This can be seen with

Back 31

meconium ileus or distal ileal atresia.

Front 32

indirect hernias arc more common in kids, they are ___ to the inferior epigastri c

Back 32

lateral

Front 33

A cyst in the abdomenwithout gut signature is likely an

Back 33

omental cyst.

Front 34

Unchanging bowel gas pal/ern - this would be a dirty trick - showing several plain .films.fi'Oin progressing days, with the bowel gas pal/ern remaining the same.

Back 34

NEC

Front 35

is gastoschisis midline?

Back 35

NO, it's always on right side

Front 36

is the most common associated chromosomal anomaly with omphalocele

Back 36

Trisomy 18

Front 37

3 liver tumors to think of in young kids upto age 5

Back 37

hemangioendothelioma

hepatoblastoma - AFP up

mesenchymal hamartoma - mostly cystic

Front 38

which type choledochal cyst most common

Back 38

type 1 - focal dilation of cbd

Front 39

Caroli's is an AR disease associated with

Back 39

polycystic kidney disease and medullary spongekidney

Front 40

Itleads to cirrhosis, and a massively di lated hepatic artery. The lung AVM\· set youupfor brain abscess.

Back 40

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu): Autosomaldominant disorder

Front 41

Fibrosing Colonopathy:

Back 41

Wall thickening ofthe proximal colon as a complication of enzyme replacement therapy.

Front 42

he most common cause of pancreatitis in the pediatric setting is

Back 42

trauma (seat belt).

Front 43

Basica lly, it's a kid with diarrhea, short stature(metaphyseal chondroplasia pancreasis), and eczema. Will also causelipomatous pseudohypertrophy of the pancreas.

Back 43

Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome

Front 44

Neonatal Renal Vein Thrombosis - This is an associated condition of

Back 44

maternal diabetes

Front 45

helps di stinguish congenital megaureter from an actual obstruction.

Back 45

absence r?f'dilation of the collecting sysletn

Front 46

2 renal masses in neonate

Back 46

nephroblastomatosis

mesoblastic nephroma

Front 47

"Solid renal tumor of infancy."

Back 47

Mesoblastic Nephroma

Front 48

Wilms loves to pal around with

Back 48

Hemihypertrophy, Hyposadias, Cryptorchidism

Front 49

Say Beckwith-Weidemann, You Say,

Back 49

wilms, omphalocele, hepatoblastoma

Front 50

Solid renal tumor of childhood

Back 50

wilms

Front 51

The question is likelythe bimodal occurrence (4 year old boys, and 40 year old women).

Back 51

Multilocular Cystic Nephroma

Front 52

This is the most common bladder cancer in humans less than I 0years of age.

Back 52

rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 53

"Paratesticular Mass" is often a buzzword

Back 53

rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 54

paraneoplastic syndrome associated withneuroblastoma.

Back 54

Opsomyoclonus (dancing eyes, dancingfeet) -

Front 55

this vasculitis is the most common cause or idiopathic scrotal edema

Back 55

HSP

Front 56

Blue Dot Sign on physical exam (looks like a bluedot), is a classic question.

Back 56

Torsion of the Testicular Appendages

Front 57

If the mass is extratesticular,the most likely diagnosis is an

Back 57

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma from the spermatic cord or epididymis

Front 58

histologic breakdown of testicular ca- germ cell and non germ cell

Back 58

germ cell - seminoma, non seminoma

non germ cell - sertoli and leydig

Front 59

The two Germ Cell Tumors seen in the first decade of life are the

Back 59

yolk sac tumor, and the teratoma.

Front 60

Ifthey show you the Peutz.-Jegher lips and bilateral scrotal masses, this is the answer.

Back 60

Sertoli Cell Tumors "burned-out" tumors (dense echogenic foci that represent calcified scars)

Front 61

Buzzword = multiple hypoeehoic masses of the testicle.

Back 61

Testicular Lymphoma

Front 62

Simling-Larsen-Jolumsson -

Back 62

This is a chronic traction inj ury at the insertion of the patellar tendon on the patella.

Front 63

If they show you alateral knee x-ray, and there is an irregularity or lucency on the back of the femur this is it.It 's often bi lateral.

Back 63

Distal Femoral Metaphyseal Irregularity (Cortical Desmoid)

it's probably a chronic tug lesion fromthe adductor magnus.

Front 64

"Wimberger Sign"

Back 64

or destruction of the medial portion of the proximal metaphysis of the tibia. in syphilis

Front 65

This is really the only childhood malignancy that occurs in newbornsand mcts to bones.

Back 65

Neuroblastoma Mets

Front 66

If you see a round lucent lesion in the skull of a child thinkthis

Back 66

LCH, neuroblastoma mets

Front 67

They often have big heads, trident hands (3rd and 4th fingers are long),narrowing of the interpedicular distance, and the tombstone pelvis.

Back 67

achondroplasia

Front 68

The femurs arc sometimes called telephone receivers

Back 68

Thanatophoric

Front 69

vertebral bones are flat(platyspondyly), and the skull can be clovel'leaf shaped

Back 69

Thanatophoric

Front 70

You candi ITercntiate a dead Thanatophoric dwarl: from a dead Jcune dwarf by looking at their

Back 70

vertebral bodies. The Jcunc bodies arc normal (the thanatophorics arc nat).

Front 71

is osteopetrosis, in a dwarf with a wide angled jaw, and osteoacrolysis

Back 71

Pyknodysostosis

Front 72

Another classic trick is to show the legs with the fibula longer than the tibia.

Back 72

Osteogenesis lmperfecta

Front 73

choanal atresia is which letter in CHARGE

Back 73

A - atresia of choane

the C is for coloboma of eye

Front 74

The classicpicture is the associated central maxillary"MEGA-incisor."

Back 74

Congenital Pirifrom Aperture Stenosis - Thisresults from abnormal development of the medialnasal eminences, and subsequent failure offormation of the primary palate.

Front 75

classic location of branchial cleft cyst

Back 75

angle of mandible

Front 76

Dolichocephaly

Back 76

sagittal close premature, so long and skinny

Front 77

Trigonocephaly

Back 77

metopic

pointed forehead

Front 78

Brachycephaly

Back 78

coronal

Front 79

Plagiocephaly

Back 79

Un il ateral Lambdoid

Front 80

Turricephaly

Back 80

Bilateral Lambdoid

Front 81

start of the esophagus is ___thecricopharyngcus muscle,

Back 81

below

Front 82

The muscul ar ring above the vestibule.

Back 82

A Ring:

Front 83

Barium shows concentricrings (distinct look)

Back 83

Eosinophilic Esophagitis:

Front 84

This is a mimic or cand idiasis, which has multiple elevated nodulesin an asymptomatic elderly patient.

Back 84

Glycogen Acanthosis:

Front 85

what do herpes ulcer look like

Back 85

Small and multiple with a halo oredema (herpes has a halo)

Front 86

The way this will be shown is a highstricture with an associated hiatal hernia. Buzzword is reticular mucosal pattern.

Back 86

Barretts

Front 87

most common location of enteric duplication cyst

Back 87

ileum, then #2 is esophagus

Front 88

does zenker divertic arise from hypopharynx or cervical esophagus

Back 88

hypopharynx

Front 89

Dysphagia Lusoria

Back 89

Syndrome refers to problems swallowingsecondary to compression from an aberrant right subclavian artery

Front 90

achalasia has increased risk for

Back 90

candida,

scc - 20 years later

Front 91

They will show you lung changes(most commonly NS IP), and the barium esophagus (or a small bowel series showing closelyspaced va lvulae conni vcntcs - hide bound).

Back 91

scleroderma

Front 92

is zenker above or below cricopharyn

Back 92

above

Front 93

Cowden syndrome

Back 93

hamartoma Style!=, brEAST CA, Thyroid Ca, Lhermitte-Dulcose (posterior fossanoncancerous brain tumor

Front 94

cronkite canada

Back 94

hamartoma, stomach, small bowel, colon, ectodermal stuff

Front 95

carneys triad, carney's eat garbage

Back 95

chordoma, extra adrenal pheo, GIST

Front 96

Rugal thickening classically involves the fundus and spares the antrum. Bimodal age di stribution

Back 96

menetriers disease

Front 97

how do u go from pancreatitis to gastric varices

Back 97

panc ca or pancreatitis --> splenic vein thrombus --> gastric varices

Front 98

multiple gastric vs duodenal ulcers

Back 98

gastric -aspirin

duodenal - ZE

Front 99

Clover leaf sign in small bowel is aunt minnie for

Back 99

healed Peptic Ulcer of Duodenal bulb

Front 100

Buzzword = Ribbon bowel

Back 100

Graft vs Host:

It occurs in patients alter bone marrowtransplant. It 's less common with modern anti -rejection drugs

Front 101

infections that like the duodenum and prox sb

Back 101

giardia, strongyloides

Front 102

important association of jejunal diverticulosis

Back 102

bacterial overgrowth andmalabsorption

Front 103

mets to small bowel, primary is probably

Back 103

melanoma

Front 104

littre and amyand hernias

Back 104

lirre- meckel diverti in hernia

amyand- appendix in it

Front 105

This is by far the most common type or internal hernia

Back 105

paraduodenal

Front 106

left paraduodenal hernia is thru fossa of

Back 106

Landzert

Front 107

right sided paraduodenal hernia thru fossa of

Back 107

waldeyer

Front 108

if' you see a biglymph node in a UC patient (especially onewith long standing disease) you have to thinkthat

Back 108

might be cancer

Front 109

coned cecum.

affects cecum and ascending colon, spares terminal ileum

Back 109

entamoeba histolytica

Front 110

what does behcets cause in chest

Back 110

pulmonary artery aneurysms

Front 111

Gossypiboma

Back 111

It 's a retainedcotton product or surgical sponge, and can elicit an inflammatory response

Front 112

Asfibrosis leads to portal hypertension, velocity in the hepatic artery

Back 112

increases.

Front 113

in patients with hepatofugal flow inthe main portal vein or intrahepatic portal vein branches, the shunted blood comes from the

Back 113

hepatic artery.

Front 114

immature myelin has a ____ water content relative to mature myelin and therefore is ___ on T2

Back 114

higher

brighter

During the maturation process water will decrease, and fat will increase

Front 115

adult T2 pattern seen around age

Back 115

2

Front 116

The "terminal zones" of myelinationoccur in the ____ regions finishing around 40 months.

Back 116

subcortical frontotemporoparietal

Front 117

what is already myelinated at birth

Back 117

brainstem, posterior limb of internal capsule

Front 118

calverial bone marrow will be T1 _____ in young kids

Back 118

hypointense cuz it's active

Front 119

The sinuses form in the following order:

Back 119

Maxillary, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, and Frontal Last

Front 120

what goes thru foramen ovale (2 things)

Back 120

CN V3, and Accessory MeningealArtery

Front 121

Inferior Orbital Fissure

Back 121

V2 - also goes thru foramen rotundum

Front 122

how does foramen rotundum look on coronal

Back 122

On the coronal view, itlooks like you are staring into a gunbarrel.

rotundum is superior and anterior, and medial to spinosum and ovale

Front 123

What are the branches of the external carotid

SALFOPMS

Back 123

o Superior Thyroid0 Ascending Pharyngeal0 Lingual0 Facial0 Occipital0 Posterior Auricular0 Maxi llary0 Superficial Temporal

Front 124

Origin at the"dural ring" is a buzzword for this artery.

Back 124

Ophthalmic - Supraclinoid

Front 125

which number is cavernous carotid

Back 125

C4

Front 126

Persistent fetal connection between the cavernous ICA to thebasilar artery.

Back 126

Persistent Trigeminal Artery

tau sign on sag MRI

Front 127

what veins come together to make great vein of galen

Back 127

basal vein of rosenthal

internal cerebral veins

Front 128

cavernous sinus first drains into

Back 128

superior and inferior petrosal veins

Front 129

sub-classify obstructive hydroceph into

Back 129

non-communicating or communicating

Front 130

4 main causes of communicating hydroceph

Back 130

NPH

SAH, mening, carcinomatous meningitis

blood, pus, cancer

Front 131

Is transependymal flow seem more withacute hydrocephalus or chronic hydrocephalus?

Back 131

acute

Front 132

what causes non-obstructive hydroceph

Back 132

Choroid Plexus Papilloma - it produced CSF

Front 133

This is just a fancy way of saying midline shift

Back 133

Subfalcine Herniation

Front 134

does PRES restrict on diffusion

Back 134

NO

Front 135

Additionally, think increasedT2/FLAIR signal in thebilateral medial thalamus andperiaqueductal gray.

Back 135

wenicke - also mammillary body enhancement

Front 136

Marchiafava-Bignami: Seen in drunks.

Back 136

Swellingand T2 bright signal affecting the corpuscallosum (typically beginning in the body, thengenu, and lastly splenium).

Front 137

Thehippocampi remain normal in size and you have some decreased FOG uptake in the lateraloccipital cortex, with sparing of the mid posterior cingul ate gyrus (Cingulate Island Sign).

Back 137

dementia with lewy bodies

Front 138

Low posteriortemporoparietal corticalactivity

Back 138

alzhiemer and parkinson

Front 139

most common TORCH

Back 139

CMV, 3x more common than toxo

Front 140

all the TORCHs ____has the highest association withpolymircogyria

Back 140

CMV

Front 141

which TORCH =Hemorrhagic Infarct, and lead to bad encephalomalcia(hydranencephaly)

Back 141

HSV - usually hsv2 in 90% of cases neonates

Front 142

which TORCH = Vasculopathy I ischemia. High T2 signal- Less Calcijications

Back 142

Rubella

Front 143

which TORCH= Hydrocephalus, Basal Ganglia Calctfications

Back 143

Toxo

Front 144

main way to differentiate hiv encephalitis and PML JC virus

Back 144

in HIV enceph, pattern is symmetric, spare cortical U fibers, and T1 is normal

Front 145

Just think "ring enhancing lesion, with LOTS of edema."

Back 145

toxo

No restricted diffusion

Toxo is Thallium, pet Cold, and Lymphoma is thallium hot.

Front 146

how to distinguish HSV from MCA stroke

Back 146

spares basal ganglia

Front 147

This could be asked by shO\ving a classic HSV image, but then saying HSV titer negative. then think

Back 147

lung cancer screening needed

paraneoplastic syndrome (usually small cell lung cancer)

Front 148

3 appearances of CJD

Back 148

(/) DWI Showing Cortical Gyriform restrictedsignal - supposedly diffusion is the mostsensitive sign, and the cortex is the mostcommon early site of manifestation.

(2) "Hockey Stick Sign I Pulvinar Sign " Restricteddiffusion in the dorsal medialthalamus (which looks like a hockey stick),or in the pulvinar

(3) A series of MRs or CE showing rapidlyprogressive atrophy

Front 149

4 stages of neurocyst

think vcug,n

Back 149

vesicular, colloidal, granular, nodular

Front 150

Really only 3 things are cortically based

DOG

Back 150

Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor (DNET)

Oligodendroglioma

Ganglioglioma

Front 151

The exceptions to the rule are ___ which are low grade tumors that enhance.

Back 151

gangliogliomas and pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA)

Front 152

what brain tumors are T1 bright

Back 152

hemorrhage - Mela Renal , Carci, chorio Thyroid

fat - lipoma, dermoid

cholesterol in colloid cyst

Front 153

gliomatosis cerebri is low or high grade

Back 153

low, so its doesnt enhance

Front 154

Remember this is the guy that calcifies 90% of the time. It's mostcommon in the frontal lobe and the buzzword is "ex pands the cortex".

Back 154

oligodendroglioma

Front 155

It's likely you could getasked about this 1p/19q deletion which apparently has a better outcome.

Back 155

oligodendroglioma

Front 156

This is the mostcommon interventricular mass in an adult aged20-40.

Back 156

neurocytoma

Front 157

pit adenoma is T1 ___

Back 157

dark

whereas pit apoplexy will be T1 bright

Front 158

2 types of crinoopharygioma

Back 158

papillary - adult

adamantinomatous - kid, calcified

Front 159

These are usually large, pissed off looking tumo•·s withnecrosis and heterogeneous enhancement in first year of life

Back 159

atypical teratoma/rhabdoid

Front 160

large cystictumors that like to involve the superficial cerebral cortex and leptomeninges.

Buzzword is " rapidly increasinghead circumference."

Back 160

Desmoplastic !J?fantile Ganglioglioma I Astrocytoma ''DIG ":

Front 161

In Adults it's in the 4th Ventricle, in kids it's in thelateral ventricle (usually trigone).

Back 161

Choroid Plexus Papilloma/ Carcinoma

Front 162

which part of head does neuroblastoma chacteristically involve

Back 162

neuroblastoma characteristically involves the posterolateral part ofthe orbit where the frontal bone and greater wing of the sphenoid meet

Front 163

Kid with drug resistant seizures. Themass will always be in the temporal lobe

Back 163

DNET (Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor )

Front 164

The classic history is gelastic seizures (a lthoughprecocious puberty is actually more common).

Back 164

hypothalamic hamartoma

Front 165

If you sec a medulloblastoma next look for dural calcs. Ifyou see thick dural calcs you might be dealing with this syndrome.

Back 165

Gorlin syndrome

Front 166

They are the so ca lled "plastic tumor"or "tooth paste" tumor because they squeeze out of the 4th ventricle.

Back 166

ependymoma

Front 167

2 brain tumors in Turcots

Back 167

GBM, medulloblastoma

Front 168

MSME in NF2

Back 168

mult schwannomas, mening, ependy

Front 169

most sens sequence for SAH

Back 169

flair

(because it won't suppress out, makingit hyperintense).

Front 170

If the _____ is not involved, you don' t have a LeFort.

Back 170

pterygoid process

Front 171

Inferior Orbital Rim and Orbital Floor

Back 171

lefort2

Front 172

Lateral Nasal Aperture

Back 172

lefort 1

Front 173

Zygomatic Arch and Lateral Orbital Rim/Wall

Back 173

lefort 3

Front 174

really hyperacute blood less than one hour looks ___ on CT

Back 174

hypodense

Front 175

mri changes for blood products

Back 175

IB ,ID, BD, BB, DD

it'll be a little bit baby's doodoo

Front 176

lenticulostriate arteries, come off where and supply what

Back 176

supply anterior part of BG

medial come off ACA

lateral off MCA

Front 177

anterior choroidal artery

Back 177

comes from ICA,

supplies posterior limb of int capsule, among other things

Front 178

Watershed Infarcts in a Kid = Moyamoya

Back 178

Moyamoya

Front 179

Restricted diffusion without bright signal on FLAIR should make youthink

Back 179

hyperacute(< 6 hours).

Front 180

restricted diffusion for acute infarcts stays bright until

Back 180

2 weeks

Front 181

Are there Non-SAH causes of vasospasm? Yep

Back 181

Meningitis, PRES, and Migraine Headache.

Front 182

is characterized by progressive stenosis of the supraclinoidlCAeventually leading to occlusion. The progressive stenosis results in an enlargement of thebasal perforating arteries.

Back 182

moyamoya

Front 183

notable associations of moyamoya include:

Back 183

NF, prior radiation, Downs syndmme

Front 184

even though CC forms front to back, the ___ is the last

Back 184

rostrum

Front 185

colpocephaly =

Back 185

disproportionate dilt of occipital horms

Front 186

"Molar Tooth"appearance of' the superior cerebellarpeduncles

Back 186

J oubert Syndrome

small cerebellar vermis,

strong assoc with retinal dysplasia

a/w MCDK also

Front 187

The buzzword is "torcular-lambdoidinversion."

Back 187

Dandy Walker = Absent Vermis.

Front 188

mega cisterna magna - the retrocerebellar csf space is greater than

Back 188

1 cm

Front 189

pachygyria means

Back 189

(broad gyri )

Front 190

Highly Testable Associations of schizencephaly

Back 190

optice nerve hypoplasia, absent septum pellucidum, epilepsy

Front 191

Criteria is one cerebellar tonsil more than Smm belowthe foramen magnum. several associations but the one that is most often asked is with Klippei-Feil syndrome(congenital C-spine fusion).

Back 191

type 1 chiari

Front 192

some findings of chiari II

Back 192

• Myelomeningocele - Lumbar Spine, Towering Cerebellum, Tectal Plate Beaking, Long Skinny 4th ventricle (elongatedcraniocaudally, short in other dimensions), Interdigitated Cerebral Gyri

Front 193

type 3 chiari

Back 193

type 2 + encephalocele

Front 194

trigonocephaly is which suture

Back 194

metopic, basically it's the anterior extension of sag suture

Front 195

lpsilateral _____ fusion can elevate the superior orbital walland cause a harlequin eye.

Back 195

coronal

Front 196

another name for scaphocephaly

Back 196

dolichocephaly

sag suture

Front 197

with choanal atresia, there are a bunch of syndromic associations:

Back 197

CHARGE, Crouzons, DiGeorge, Treacher Colins, and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Front 198

Piriform Aperture Stenosis The bigthing to know is the high association with

Back 198

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction.

Front 199

lactate and NAA levels in MELAS Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes

Back 199

lactate up

NAA down

Front 200

in MR SPECT, The highest normal peak is

Back 200

NAA.

Front 201

Choline is elevated in anything that causes

Back 201

cell turnover (tumor, infarct, or inOammation).

Front 202

___ elevation is spec ific for Meningiomas

Back 202

Alanine

Front 203

Choline Down, NAA Down, Lactate Up

Back 203

radiation necrosis

Front 204

Chol ine Up, NAA clown, Lactate and Lipids Up

Back 204

High Grade Tumor

Front 205

Choline Down, NAA clown, Inositol Up

Back 205

Low Grade Tumor

Front 206

The most common primary pctrous apex lesion

Back 206

Cholesterol Granuloma

Front 207

cholesteatoma is basically a

Back 207

epidermoid

Front 208

imaging difference between cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma

Back 208

choleasteatoma is t1 dark adn t 2 bright and does restrict.

cholesterol is t1 and t2 bright and don't restrict

Front 209

The classic triad = otomastoiditis, face pain (trigeminalneuropathy), and lateral rectus palsy.

Back 209

Grandenigo Syndrome

Front 210

When I sayconductive hearing loss in an adult female, you say this.

Back 210

Otosclerosis (Fenestral and Retrofenestral): A better term would actually be"otospongiosus," as the bone becomes more lytic

Front 211

Cholesteatoma Order of Destruction predictable

Back 211

scutum first, then ossicles (long process of incus), then lateral segment of canal

Front 212

The buzzword is osteolysis circumscripta.

Back 212

paget

Front 213

primary vascular supply of juvenile nasal angiofibroma

Back 213

the ascending pharyngeal arteryand/or internal maxillary artery

Front 214

why is octreotide scan positive in enthesioneuroblastoma

Back 214

neural crest origin

Front 215

what is a coloboma

Back 215

focal discontinuity ofthe globe (failure of the choroid fissure toclose).

Front 216

The classic look is a s mall eye(microphthalmia) with increaseddensity of the vitreous. No calcification

Back 216

persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous

Front 217

what age group is optic nerve glioma

Back 217

90% under age 20

Front 218

bilateral optic nerve gliomas think

Back 218

NF1

Front 219

The buzzword is"tram-track" calcifications. Another buzzword is"doughnut" appearance, with circumferentialenhancement around the optic nerve.

Back 219

optic nerve sheath meningioma

Front 220

while orbital pseudotumor does cause pain and spares myotendinous insertions, which entity is opposite

Back 220

Graves

Front 221

Tolosa Hunt =

Back 221

pseudotumor involvement of cavernous sinus

Front 222

the most common benigncongenital orbital mass.

Back 222

dermoid

Front 223

classic location of orbital dermoid

Back 223

It's usually superiorand lateral, arising from the frontozygomaticsuture

Front 224

breast cancer met to orbit causes a

Back 224

desmoplastic reaction and enophthalmos

Front 225

retinoblastoma can be in both eyes, the next two places it would affect are

Back 225

pineal gland, suprasellar

Front 226

they are the most common cause of spontaneous orbital hemorrhage

Back 226

Varix

Front 227

2 causes for pulsatile exophthalmos

Back 227

cc fistula, NF1

Front 228

order of involvement in thyroid orbitopathy

Back 228

I'M SL Ow

Front 229

is a well-corticated osseous density, usually of the anterosuperior vertebral body corner, that occurs secondary to herniation of the nucleus pulposus through the the vertebral body endplate beneath the ring apophysis.

Back 229

Limbus vertebra

Front 230

Burst Fracture of C I

Back 230

jefferson, axial loading

Front 231

Bilateral Pedicle or Pars Fracture of C2

Back 231

hangman

hyperextension

Front 232

tear drop fracture

Back 232

can be form extension or flexion (more common)

Front 233

Horizontal Fracture throughthoracolumbar spine( "seat belt '').

Back 233

chance fracture

Front 234

An enlarged "ivory vertebrae"

Back 234

pagets

Front 235

Picture frame vertebrae

Back 235

pagets

Front 236

theperi ventricular location occurs is that the antibody (NMO IgG) attacks the Aquaporin 4channels - which arc found in highest concentration around the ventricles.

Back 236

for NMO

Front 237

what finding to look for on lumbar MRI in GBS

Back 237

enhancement of nerve roots of cauda equina

Front 238

The buzzword is thickened, enhancing,"onion bulb" nerve roots.

Back 238

Chronic Inflammatory DemylinatingPolyneuropathy (ClOP)- The chronicco unterpart to GBS

Front 239

Intramedullary (3)

Back 239

Astrocytoma, Ependymoma, Hemangioblastoma

Front 240

Extramedullary intradural

Back 240

Schwannoma, Meningioma, Neurofibroma, DropMets

Front 241

extradural

Back 241

Disc Disease (most common), Bone Tumors, Mcts,Lymphoma

Front 242

The"myxopapillary form" isexclusively found in the conus/filum locations.

Back 242

ependymoma

Front 243

This is similar to an Osteoid osteoma but larger than 1.5cm.

Back 243

osteoblastoma

Front 244

If they show this it's going to be a lytic expansile lesion in thesacrum with no rim of sclerosis.

Back 244

giant cell tumor

Front 245

most common location for chordoma

Back 245

sacrum is #1

clivus is #2

Front 246

Theclass ic story in the vertebral column is " in vo lvement of two or more adjacentvertebral bodies with the intervening disc. " Most are very T2 bright.

Back 246

chordoma