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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_____ radiation is used to produce CT images
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Ionizing radiation
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Time of prenancy that is the most dangerous to the baby
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1st trimester
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Risks of doing CTs in the first trimester
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Prenatal death
Mental retardation Abnormalities Neonatal death |
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30 slice CT study - _?_ rads
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5 rads/skin dose
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1 radiograph = ? rads
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.5 rads/skin dose
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4 radiographs = ? rads
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2 rads/skin dose
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Head Scan = ? rads
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1-5 rads/skin dose
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Body Scan = ? rads
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2-6 rads/skin dose
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Localizer Scan = ? rads
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.05-.1 rad/skin dose
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Occupation dose = ??
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5 rem year
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Pregnant medical imaging maximum =
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.05 rem/month
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MAS - decreasing tube current (mA) or scan time (S) =
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Reduce patient dose
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kVp = ?
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Tube voltage - deceases energy level
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Increase in Slice thickness =
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Decrease patient dose
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Increase in pitch =
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Decrease in patient dose
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The perfusion of contrast media is referred to as _?_
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Enhancement
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Three catagories of contrast media for CT
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IV
Oral Rectal Intrathecal |
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The perfusion of contrast media is referred to as _?_
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Enhancement
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IV contrast in CT is used to visualize _?_
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Vessels
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The thickness of fluid is called _?_
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Viscosity
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The property of a solution is called _?_
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Osmolality
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Has the same viscosity as blood...
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Visopaque
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Common adverse reactions to most IV contrast agents are;
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Warmth and discomfort
Rashes Hives Nausea Vomiting Dizziness Headache |
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Rare severe reactions to CT contrast;
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Shock
Hypotension Arrhythemia Chest pain Cardiac Arrest |
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What does BUN stand for?
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Blood urea nitrogen
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Normal BUN levels?
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5 - 22
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Normal serum creatinin levels
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0.5 to 1.5
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CT IVs range from ____ to ____.
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18g to 22g
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Vein of choice for IVs
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Basilic
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Additional vein used for IV but could impede the contrast when arms are raised above the head
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Cephalic
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The liver receives 80% of its blood supply from the _____ _____ and 20% from the ______ ______.
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80% from Portal Vein
20% from Hepatic Vein |
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Management of contrast extravasation;
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Elevation of the extremity above the heart
Cool or cold compress for the first 6-12 hours Follow with warm compresses Observe patient for 1 to 2 hours Follow up with Ortho or Plastic |
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Two basic types of contrast agents
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Barium sulfate
Iodinized |
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Common adverse reactions to oral contrast
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Diarrhea
Abdominal cramping |
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Contraindications for oral contrast use;
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Colon perforation
Tracheosophaeal fistula Small bowel obstructing lesions Pyloric stenosis Known sensitivity |
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Cardiac Arrest
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Loss of heart function (hit code button)
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Signs of Cardiac Arrest
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No pulse
No breathing (start CPR) |
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Seizures
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Can cause patient to demonstrate convulsive moments or periods of unconsciousness
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Signs of seizures
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Uncontrollable muscular contractions
Facial twitching Blank facial expression |
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Stroke
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Lack of blood flow to the brain
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Signs of stroke
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Inability to communicate
Bilateral or unilateral numbness or paralysis |
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Shock
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Result of insufficient blood flow to the tissues and vital organs. Can occur from loss of blood and severe contrast reaction.
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Signs of shock
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Alter level of consciousness
Hypotension Cool bluish or grayish skin |
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Normal temperatures;
Oral ?? Axillary ?? Recatl ?? |
Oral = 97F - 99F
Axillary = 96.5F - 98.5F Rectal = 97.5F - 99.5F |
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Most common areas used to measure pulse
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Radial
Femoral Caroltid |
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Average adult BPM
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70 - 100 BPM
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Athletic adult BPM
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45 - 60 BPM
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Sedation used on children
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Chloralhydrate
Oral versed Nebutol Pentobarbitol Phentanyl |
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Contrast amount for pediatric patients
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1ml to 2ml per kilgram of body weight
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Definintion of Tort law
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Civil wrong, other than a breach of contract, committed against a person or property for which a court provides a remedy in form of an action for damages.
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Reasons for Tort Law
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Preservation of peace between individuals
Find fault for wrong doing Act as a deterrence to wrongful acts Indemnify injured persons Negligent Intentional Strict liability regardless of fault |
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Definition of Negligence
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Commission or omission of an act that a reasonably prudent person would or would not do under given circumstances
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Peritoneum
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Walls of the abdominal cavity
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Liver
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Largest organ; primary center for metabolism
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Gallbladder
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Reservoir for bile
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Pancreas
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Both an endocrine and exocrine gland
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Exocrine cells of the pancreas secrete ......
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Pancreatic juice into the small intestine
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The endocrine cells of the pancreas secrete ??
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Insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream
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Spleen
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Largest lymph organ - filters abnormal blood cells from the blood, stores iron, initiates the immune response
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The spleen is protected by ?
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The 9th through the 11th ribs
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Adrenal glands
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Sit on the upper poles of the kidneys - responsible for the production of steriods and epinephrine - the left is "V" shaped, the right is "Y" shaped
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Location of the kidneys
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Located at T12 through L4
Left is higher than the right Filters urine |
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Location of the stomach
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T11 and L1
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Length of the small intestine
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6 to 7 m
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Large intestine
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Responsible for reabsorption of water and the storage/elimination of fecal material
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Abdominal aorta
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Main blood supply to abdomen and pelvis
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Inferior Vena Cava
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Largest vein of the body
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