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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody?
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The Antigen causes the release of an antibody.
If you are allergic too something, the thing that you are allergic to is the antigen and the way that your body reacts to it is the antibody. |
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What do lymph nodes do?
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They filter lymph and keep it clear of pathogens and antigens. They also help fight infections and cancer because they contain lymphocytes.
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What are the four signs of inflammation?
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Redness, warmth, swelling, and pain.
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What does an allergic reaction do?
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The body releases histamine (chemical mediator) which causes the capillaries to dilate and become more permeable. This allows more blood to enter causing redness and warmth, and it allows proteins and fluids to escape causing swelling. The swelling stimulates nerve endings, which leads to pain.
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What do neutrophils do?
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White blood cells that migrate to the site of injury and can cause chemical reactions that kill bacteria and the neutrophils themselves.
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What are the effective cytokines?
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The are signaling proteins that act to amplify the immune system.
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What is Agglutination? What also does the same function?
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The clotting of red blood cells. Platelets also cause clotting
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What are the four blood types? Who can get blood from who? Which blood can be given to everyone?
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A - A,O donors
B - B, O donors AB - A, B, AB, O donors O - O donors O blood can be given to everyone |
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How do helper T-Cells work?
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After Antigens bind with a Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC), the T Cells provide a cellular response to virus and cancer cells.
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What does a Cytotoxic T-Cell do?
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T-Cells that attack and kill antigen bearing cells.
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What is autoimmune disease?
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When Cytotoxic T-Cells or Antigens mistakenly attack the body's own cells as if they bears antigens
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What cells are affected with HIV?
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It destroys Helper T-Cells
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What is a delayed allergic response?
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The second time that your body reacts to something, your memory T-Cells cause a major reaction because now there are a lot of white blood cells ready to attack the substance
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What is the order in which nerves fire?
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Dendrite
Cell Body Axon Synapse Synaptic Cleft Neurotransmitters |
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What is the action potential?
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The unbalanced charge between potassium and sodium that causes a potential for change.
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What is the synaptic cleft?
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A gap after the synapse where chemical reactions occur.
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What is a nerve tract?
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Long, myelinated fibers of interneurons in the spinal cord that run together in bundles.
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What part of the brain is where thought processes occur?
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The frontal or prefrontal portion of the brain
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What is the primary Sensory part of the brain?
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Parietal - sensory from skin and muscles
Occipital - visual sensory Temporal - auditory The Thalamus is also on the receiving end for all sensory input, except for smell |
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What part of the brain has to do with thirst and hunger?
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The Hypothalamus
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What part of the brain deals with proprioception (awareness of ones self)
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Cerebellum
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If a patient has a violent outburst, what part of the brain is likely affected?
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The Lymbic System
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What is the Autonomic System?
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A part of the PNS that automatically and involuntarily regulates the activity of glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.
It is divided into the Parasympathetic Division ("Relax and Digest") and the Sympathetic Division ("Fight or Flight") |
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What does the anterior and posterior Pituitary secrete?
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Anterior - Hypothalamic-releasing hormones (TSH, ACTH, FSH, and LH) that stimulate
Posterior - ADH and Oxytocin - which makes you retain water |
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What two major hormone organs are fused into one?
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The Pancreas and Pituitary
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What does the Pancreas do?
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It has two tissue types. One secretes digestive juice for the Small Intestine, and the other produces hormones (insulin and glucagon)
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What are the major components of Thyroid Hormones? What is the major mineral that is involved with them?
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T3 and T4 - Iodine
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What are the two major types of hormones produced by the Adrenal Cortex?
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Mineralocorticoid - helps regulate water balance in the kidneys
Glucocorticod - deals with blood glucose levels |
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Where do most diseases occur in the colon?
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On the lower left side in the Sigmoid Colon. You can palpate people in this area.
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