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197 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the body's local tissue reaction to injury
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Inflammation
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what instruments is used for a common bile duct exploration?
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Randall forceps
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what is the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes?
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Foramen Magnum
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New sterile supplies and instruments should be obtained for OR 2 and the setup in OR 1 should be disposed.
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Sterile supplies and instruments for a case have been opened in OR. A ST was just informed that the case has been moved to OR 2 and the next case in OR 1 is scheduled in 2 hours. What is the best course of action ?
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what is the most important consideration when cutting sutures?
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Avoid the knot
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which structures are ligated and divided during a cholecystectomy?
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Cystic artery and cystic duct
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what may be used when applying a sterile dressing to a skin graft site?
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Pressure dressing
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When performing a dilation and curettage, what instrument is used to grasp the cervix?
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Schroeder
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A patient tells the nurse, no matter what happens it will be ok. which of the 5 stages of grief is patient in?
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Acceptance
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what instruments is used for placement of cottonoids strips during a craniotomy?
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Bayonet forceps
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how do 2 sterile team members pass one another in the sterile field?
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Back to back
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what is used to oxygenate and circulate blood?
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Extracorporeal bypass
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what is the primary consideration in selecting an appropriate anesthetic agent?
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Physiologic condition of the patient
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How are 2 basins wrapped together for sterilizing?
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They are stacked one on top of another and separated by a towel.
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what equipment may be used in positioning a patient for a total hip arthroplasty?
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Bean bag
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a ST sees a neighbor being admitted. how should the ST respond?
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Do not acknowledge the neighbor unless they greet you first.
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how should the instruments that come in contact with the appendiceal stump during an appendectomy?
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Place them in a separate basin.
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what is the most serious complication of a strangulated hernia?
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Necrosis
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what technique is not acceptable for draping the patient?
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Readjust the drapes as necessary after placement.
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what structure is separated first when a paramedian incision is performed?
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Rectus abdominis
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what is most likely used to stabilize a cervical fracture.
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Mayfield clamp
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during a transurethral resection of the prostate, what is bleeding controlled by?
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Cauterization
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to prevent contamination at the end of a surgical procedure, what should be removed last by the STSR?
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Surgical gloves
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in order to remove a portion of the kidney, the surgeon must enter where?
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Gerota's fascia
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what is the most common straight catheter used prior to laparoscopic gynecological surgery in the OR?
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Robinson
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a Stamey needle is used for what types of surgeries?
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Bladder suspension
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right before a hemorrhoidectomy, what procedure might be performed on patient in the OR?
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Sigmoidoscopy
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what is a fenestrated drape?
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A drape that allows exposure of the operative site.
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an appendectomy incision closed using suture is considered to be what type of wound closure?
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Primary intention
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who is most likely to acquire a nosocomial infection?
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A male patient who has diabetes
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the appendiceal stump, when inverted, is held in place by which type of sutures?
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Purse string
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aerobic organisms are best characterized as what?
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Oxygen requiring
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what surgical procedure may be used to remove a carcinoma from the head of the pancreas?
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Whipple
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what is the desired effect of atropine sulfate when used as a preoperative medication?
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Drying of secretions
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a postoperative total arthroplasty patient presents to the emergency dept with severe throbbing pain, fever, and malaise. what's the diagnosis?
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Osteomyelitis
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what is used to stabilize a fractured finger?
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Kirschner wires
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what is the primary purpose for changing into operating room attire?
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To prevent the spread of microorganisms
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mannitol (osmitrol) is used in neurosurgical procedures for what?
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to decrease intracranial pressure
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what lies between the lung and the chest wall?
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Pleura
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what is applied as a nonadherent dressing?
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Adaptic
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if the VII cranial nerve is severed, what is the outcome?
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Facial paralysis
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when assisting with the closure of a skin incision and operating the skin stapler, the STSR is placing the staples through which two layers?
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Cuticular and subcuticular
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during which surgeries is a meckel's diverticulum typically discovered?
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Appendectomy
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which layers are transected when a subcostal flank incision is used for a nephrectomy?
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Oblique muscles
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a perforator is used for what procedures?
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Craniotomy
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in preparation for a cranial aneurysm, which equipment would most likely be used?
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Microscope
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during a stabismus, what is the first tissue layer that must be incised?
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Conjunctiva
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when can instrument counts be omitted?
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If an emergency procedure must be performed
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which position is a patient placed for a right nephrectomy?
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Left lateral kidney
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what examples illustrates unsafe technique for disposing of contaminated sharps?
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Used suture needles and scalpel blades are removed from the needle counter and individually placed in the biohazard sharps container.
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why is the right kidney typically several centimeters lower than the left kidney?
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The liver rests superior and anterior to the right kidney.
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what is the minimum exposure time in a flash sterilizer for unwrapped instruments?
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3 minutes
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if a routine surgical procedure was performed without consent, the surgeon committed what?
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Battery
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if an adult patient refuses a blood transfusion, the surgical staff should not do what?
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Administer blood to the patient
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during the introperative phase, which activities can be completed by both sterile and non sterile members of the surgical team?
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Caring for the specimen
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a lumbar meningocele involves removal of what?
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A fluid filled sac
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wrinkle free padding is applied to an extremity before application of a tourniquet to avoid what?
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Skin injuries
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a specimen obtained for frozen section is generally removed from the sterile field intraoperatively because why?
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It is sent to pathology
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what procedures is used to visualize the cystic, hepatic and common ducts?
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Cholangiography
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a scleral buckle procedure repairs what?
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Detached retinas
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what retractors should the ST have available to provide exposure to the patellar tendon while harvesting the graft for an ACL repair?
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Senn retractors
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a patient entering the OR for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy looks jaundice. what is the best explanation for this?
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Biliary obstruction
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what is the primary purpose of a local anesthetic?
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Block peripheral nerve receptors
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what is the correct skin prep for a female patient undergoing a right mastectomy with possible axillary dissection?
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Shoulder, upper arm, and extending down to the elbow, axilla, chest to the table line and to the left shoulder,
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when performing a parotidectomy, which nerves is identified and preserved with the use of a nerve stimulator?
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Facial nerve
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what medication is the anesthesia provider responsible for recording the name the name, amount, and delivery method during a procedure?
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Propofol
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as a ST begins to prep a female patient for a foley catheterization, a bulge in the vagina wall is noticed. what is the cause of the bulge?
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Cystocele
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a ST enters the OR after scrubbing and notices spots of blood on the OR lights. what action is the most appropriate?
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Break scrub to clean the lights and help open a new sterile field.
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which instrument should be included in a transurethral resection of the prostate setup?
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Resectoscope
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between a kocher, mixter, babcock, mosquito which instrument has teeth?
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Kocher
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when entering the abdominal cavity, what describes the order of contact with the layers of tissue?
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Skin, subcutaneous, fascia, muscle, and peritoneum
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if a Kelly clamp is left in a patient who under went a cholecystectomy, what legal concepts apply?
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Res ipsa loquitur
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a ST just opened an instrument set that is wet inside after undergoing steam sterilization, what is the most likely reason for the condensate in the package and how can it be corrected?
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The absorbent towels were wrapped too tight around the instrument tray, so they retained moisture. The tray should be reprocessed with loosely wrapped new towels.
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a surgeon's preference card indicates the surgeon wears a size L gown and double gloves with a size 7 inner glove and size 6-1/2 outer glove, and the first assistant wears a XL gown and double gloves with a size 7-1/2 inner glove and size 7 outer glove. the first assistant arrives prior to the surgeon. what is the proper order to place the sterile attire on the back table?
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XL gown, 7-1/2 glove, 7 glove, / L gown, 7 glove, 6-1/2 glove
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following a surgical procedure, what is the best sequence of action for a ST to take?
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Remove sterile drapes, remove gown and gloves, and don a pair of unsterile gloves to aid in the care of the postoperative patient.
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what drug neutralizes the action of heparin?
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Protamine sulfate
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which wound is most likely in the inflammatory phase of wound healing?
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An abdominal incision, 20 minutes post-closure
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to revascularize the heart muscle of a patient with heart disease, a graft may be anastomosed between which 2 vessels?
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Internal mammary artery to affected coronary artery
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a laparotomy drape has been placed on a patient, and unprepped skin on the operative site is exposed. what is the best next step?
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Remove drapes and re-prep
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while preparing a sterile field, s ST secures the bovie holster to the mayo stand. the surgeon insists on keeping the bovie by him toward the head of the patient. what is the next best course of action?
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Move bovie holster up by head of patient
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ratcheted instruments should be?
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Opened for washing and sterilizing
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an effective packaging material used for a Balfour to be steam sterilized does what?
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It permits penetration by the sterilant
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what does the parathyroid gland regulate?
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Calcium
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scoliosis is most commonly found in what curves of the vertebral column?
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Thoracic
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what is the most effective mechanical method of controlling bleeding occurring from needle holes in vessel anastomoses?
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Pledget
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what should be visualized on an x-ray to determine if a long bone is still growing?
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Epiphyseal plate
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what is the appropriate way for obtaining an informed consent?
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The patient is asked to sign the consent form after the surgeon has explained the procedure
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what is used for removal of an embolus?
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Balloon catheterization
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what is used to transport a patient in traction?
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A bed
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at the end of a surgical procedure, what should I do with the mayo stand?
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Keep it sterile until the patient leaves the room
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what equipment is used during a tympanoplasty?
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Operating microscope
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removing a cataract by ultrasonic vibration and aspiration is called what?
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Phacoemulsification
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what are surgical loupes used for?
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Magnify the surgical field
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a patient undergoing a blood transfusion is having a hemolytic reaction. what is the action the healthcare providers should take first?
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Stop the transfusion
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a patient's dentures are removed in the OR. what is the proper procedure for the care of the dentures?
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Place them in a labeled denture cup and keep them with the patient's chart
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what is associated with secondary intention wound healing?
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Tissue granulation
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when inflating a 5cc balloon on a Foley catheter, what would be used?
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8-10 ML of sterile water
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during a craniotomy, removal of the bone flap is followed by what?
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Incision of the dura mater
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during a laparoscopic appendectomy, what type of staplers should the surgical technologist have ready on the back table for removing the appendix and ensuring no spillage of bowel content?
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Linear
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which solution is used to identify diseased areas for a cold conization of the cervix?
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Lugol's solution
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what is the correct position for dilation and curettage?
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Lithotomy
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an RN has just asked a ST to complete a task that is within the ST's scope of practice, but the ST does not feel comfortable completing the task independently. what is the ST's best course of action?
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Request that the RN provides the appropriate level of supervision during the task to ensure safety.
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what is used for a cerebral aneurysm?
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Brain spoon
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what instrument should be included in the setup for a laminectomy?
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Kerrison
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a ST is preparing a fresh specimen for frozen section to be passed off of the field. how should the specimen be prepared to be passed to the circulator?
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Wrap it in a tefla pad
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what suturing techniques features short lateral stitches that are taken beneath the epithelial layer of skin?
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Subcuticular
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which surgical needles is most appropriately used in a liver resection?
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Blunt
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what is not acceptable technique when placing a patient in the lithotomy position?
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Legs placed in stirrups one at a time
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what is the function of silver sulfadiazine (silvadene)?
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Antimicrobial
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if unexpected heavy blood loss occurs during an abdominal procedure, a ST should request additional what?
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Lap sponges
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a ST is explaining the steps of the ESU circuit to a student. the ST should explain that the electric current is channeled back to the generator through what?
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The dispersive (inactive) electrode
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sponges that have been added to the sterile field after a procedure has begun should be counted by who?
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STSR and the circulator
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during a procedure, a ST touches an unsterile item with a sterile glove. what should be done?
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Change the glove immediately
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the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells is a function of what?
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Hemoglobin
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what procedures uses trocars?
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Laparoscopy
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a major function of the colon is to do what?
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Absorb water
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what is hepatitis B caused by?
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Virus
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at the conclusion of a surgical case, how would the ST in the scrub role aid in reducing bioburden on instruments as the first step in the sterilization cylce?
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Hand cleaning
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a potential surgical complication of an inguinal herniorrhaphy is injury to what?
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The spermatic cord
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what type of incision is typically used for an open cholecystectomy?
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Subcostal
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what pathogen would most likely cause a post-operative SSI?
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Staphylococcus aureus
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what must be done before sterilizing an instrument with a lumen?
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Injecting a small amount of distiller water into the lumen
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what is the correct order from the outermost to the innermost layer of the tissues that compose the wall of the stomach and small intestine?
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Serosa - muscularis - submucosa - mucosa
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what is not a symptom of shock?
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Hypertension
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when transferring an unconscious postoperative adult patient from the operating room table to the bed, what is the minimum number of people required for safe transfer?
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4
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which scissors is most likely found in a basic hysterectomy set-up?
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Jorgensen
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which of the following is used to remove clots and tissue from the bladder during a TURP?
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Ellik evacuator
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a Javier shunt is used for what procedures?
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Carotid endarterectomy
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how much 0.25% bupivacaine (marcaine) should be mixed with 1ML of 1.0% lidocaine (xylocaine) to make the solution equal strengths of both medications?
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4.0ML
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what should be done to hair when removed during the prep for cranial surgery?
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Send it to pathology
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what is the best term that describes a formal medical process when death occurs in surgery and the surgeon and anesthesia care provider must verify that death has occurred?
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Determination of death
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to help prevent toxicity and vascular events in a patient where polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is used, what type of device should a ST have available?
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Pulse lavage
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a pneumatic tourniquet may be used for extremity surgery to do what?
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Reduce blood loss
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during a craniotomy what type of bone is entered?
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Flat
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what is a procedure for removing excess skin from face and neck?
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Rhytidectomy
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during an open repair of an indirect hernia, which drains should a ST have available to pass to the surgeon once the spermatic cord has been dissected?
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Penrose
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what color is a nitrous oxide tank?
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Blue
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what is most likely to be in place while transferring a patient from the OR table to stretcher?
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IV tubing and a Foley catheter
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what type of sponges is used directly on the structures of the brain?
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Cottonoids
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what procedures requires an incision in the suprasternal notch?
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Mediastinoscopy
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following an abdominal surgery, the surgeon has just closed the peritoneum. what layers will be sutured next?
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Fascia
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during the application of arch bars, the surgeon will most likely use what between the teeth and around the bar?
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25 - or 26 gauge stainless steel wire
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what position should a patient be placed for a low anterior colon resection?
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Lithotomy
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a #12 knife blade on a #7 handle is most commonly used for what type of surgery?
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Tonsillectomy
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what anticoagulant should be given during a vascular procedure to prevent normal blood clotting?
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Heparin sodium
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what advantage do handheld retractors have over self-retaining retractors?
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Dynamic adjustability
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what congenital anomalies does the urethra open on the underside of the penis?
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Hypospadias
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once a ST dons a gown, the cuffs on the gown are considered unsterile because why?
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It's absorbent and collects moisture
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a physician prescribed 50 milligrams of Demerol. The Demerol is supplied in 100mg/mL. how many mL of Demerol should be given?
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0.5 ML
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a surgeon asks a ST to place a drop of a mydriatic solution in OD. as a result of this medication, the pupil of what eye will dilate?
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Right eye
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a Marshall- Marchetti-Krantz (MMK) requires which of the following skin preparations?
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Abdominal and vaginal
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what condition is triggered by an injection of succinylcholine (anectine) and causes an unusually high fever?
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Malignant hyperthermia
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what spore forming microorganisms are used as biological monitors for checking steam sterilization effectiveness for a load of instruments in a rigid container
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Bacillus stearothermophilus
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during a laminectomy, disk material is removed with what?
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A pituitary rongeur
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what retractor is used for a C- section?
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Dee lee
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a ST is preparing the incision site for for the dressing following a TAH. the patient has developed a hematoma at the incision site. the surgeon has left the room. what action should the ST take?
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Have the surgeon return
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what type of herniation that occurs with protrusion of the peritoneal sac and its contents (omentum or abdominal viscera)?
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Umbilical
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Heaney clamps are used most frequently for what type of surgeries?
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Hysterectomy
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during a C section, a ST passes the surgeon a pair of Metz scissors and Russian forceps. what anatomical parts is dissected off the uterus and gently retracted prior to uterine incision?
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Bladder
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between each surgical procedure, decontamination of walls involves washing what?
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Areas that have been splashed with blood or debris
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what type of situation would present a problem when preparing instruments for sterilization using a paper plastic peel pack?
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The instruments within the paper-plastic peel pack have been held together with tape to avoid shifting
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a patient undergoing a procedure while under general anesthesia begins to experience muscle rigidity, followed by tachycardia, metabolic, respiratory acidosis, and cardiac dysrhythmias. what is the patient experiencing?
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Malignant hyperthermia
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anterior and posterior knee stability is influenced by the dynamics of what?
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Cruciate ligaments
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when applying a pneumatic tourniquet preoperatively, what item is used to force blood from an extremity?
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Esmarch bandage
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after gowning and gloving a surgeon activates the dura prep applicator and proceeds to prep the patient for surgery. what is the best action to take at this time?
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Regown and reglove the surgeon
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after a lung resection is performed, what is the best placement of the collection unit once it is hooked up to the drainage tubing?
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Below the level of the insertion tube
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what is a sign of cardiac arrest?
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Cyanosis
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the number of staphylococcus aureus micro organisms carried by the ST can be drastically reduced by?
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A thorough surgical hand scrub
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what is the sequence of induction for general anesthesia?
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1. Leads placed on the patient. 2. Patient is prompted to breathe 100% oxygen 3. Induction agent is given through an IV 4. Patient is intubated 5. Anesthesia gas agent is selected and applied
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what are the phases of wound healing by first intention from first to last?
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Inflammatory, proliferation, remodeling
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a ST has selected the sutures for a procedure based on the surgeons preference card. the surgeon states he would like additional sutures and his preference card is outdated. what is the ST's best course of action?
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Ask the surgeon if he would like to have his preference card updated and proceed accordingly
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while being transferred from the stretcher to the operating room bed, the patient expresses fear of not awakening from anesthesia. the ST should?
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Have the anesthesia care provider address the patients concerns
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when preparing endoscopic cameras for ethylene oxide sterilization, what monitoring process would be utilized to ensure all parameters of sterilization were met?
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Biological indicator
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what Rongeurs is used to expand the antrostomy in a Caldwell-luc procedure?
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Kerrison
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between a lap chole, carotid endarterectomy, total hip arthroplasty and tympanoplasty the STSR should remain sterile for what procedure?
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Carotid endarterectomy
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local anesthesias containing epinephrine should never be used in which areas?
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Digits and penis
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to prevent contamination at the end of a surgical procedure, what should be removed removed last by the STSR?
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Surgical gloves
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during a procedure, a ST notices a hole in his glove. what should be done?
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Change the glove using the open glove technique
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what is an expected occurrence that involves physiologic or psychologic injury to death?
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Sentinel event
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what is a benign fluid filled sac that develops in the anterior testis?
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Hydrocele
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when a cholecystectomy is performed, what anatomical structures must be preserved?
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Common duct
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what procedure treats a congenital obstructed lesion found at the distal end of an infant's stomach?
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Pyloromyotomy
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what is the safest method for placing a blade on a knife handle?
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Needle holder
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what is the tissue that covers bones and provides movement to a skeletal system?
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Muscle
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when donning gloves using the open gloving technique, the ungloved hand will touch what?
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Folded edge of the cuff of the glove
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what is most resistant to sterilization processes?
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Spore
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during a herniorrhaphy the abdominal area that is bound by the rectus abdominis muscle, the inguinal ligament and the inferior epigastric vessels is called what?
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Hesselbach triangle
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what instrument may be used to extend the arteriotomy during carotid endarterectomy?
|
Potts smith
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when an anesthetized patient's position is changed from lithotomy to supine, the patient's legs should be lowered slowly to prevent what?
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Hypotension
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growth in the length of a long bone occurs where?
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Epiphyseal plate
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a pad like sac or cavity that prevents friction within a joint is known as what?
|
Bursa
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what is a resectoscope used for?
|
To resect the prostate
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a cardiac arrest occurs during a procedure, and the surgeon is resuscitating the patient. what is the responsibility of the STSR?
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Remain sterile and maintain the sterile field
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during an abdominoperineal resection, what stapling device should the ST have available to form an anal pouch from the ileum?
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GIA
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what is commonly used for a wound closure in the presence of infection?
|
stainless steel
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herniation of the rectum thru a weakened posterior vaginal wall is known as what?
|
a rectocele
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what procedure requires an opening into the gallbladder to permit drainage and removal of stones?
|
cholecystostomy
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