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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the INAO?
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Institut National des Appellations d'Origine
Created in 1935 to delimit and enforce France's appellation system In 2007 became the L'Institut National de l'Origine et de la Qualite Instituted AOP in 2009 |
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What is VINIFLHOR?
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Governmental agricultural office that oversees Vin de Pays/IGP
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What are the Vin de Pays/IGP zones in France?
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Pays d'Oc IGP (Languedoc-Roussillon)
Val de Loire IGP (Loire) Comtes Rhodaniens IGP (N Rhone, Jura, Savoie) Mediterranee IGP (SE France) Comte Tolosan IGP (Sud-Ouest) |
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What are the historical English ties to Bordeaux?
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1152 Henry II marries Elanor of Aquitane (rules until 1453)
Exports halted during 100 yrs War and black teath War of Spanish Succession |
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What are courtiers?
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Wine brokers in Bordeaux
Supplied chateaux with financial backing Gained total control of wine trade in 18th century |
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What is en primeur?
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Futures sales
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What is the climate of Bordeaux?
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Maritime
Short winters, frost and moist springs, hot summers, moist autumns Protected from wind by the Landes pine forest Rain at harvest |
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What are the rivers in Bordeaux
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The Garonne and the Dorgogne are both tributaries of the Gironde
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What general types of wine are allowed in Bordeaux AOP?
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Red
White Rose Clairet - darker, more aromatic style of rose that evokes the original claret |
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What are the generic appellations for Bordeaux?
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Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Superieur AOP Cremant de Bordeaux AOP |
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What are the allowed grapes for Bordeaux AOP red?
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Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot Cabernet Franc Petit Verdot Malbec Carmenere |
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What is the most widely planted grape in Bordeaux?
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Merlot
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What are the allowed grapes in Bordeaux AOP white?
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Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc Muscadelle Accessories (30%) Ugni Blanc Merlot Blanc Colombard |
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What are the typical aromatics on Bordeaux blanc?
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Creamy, waxy texture
Aromas of honey and beeswax |
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How long do wines usually age in Bordeaux?
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22 months for red
16 months for white |
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What is the Medoc AOP?
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Covers entire left bank of Gironde
50 miles stretching north form Bordeaux Allows only red wine More Merlot with the clay soils of the Bas-Medoc |
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What are jalles?
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Drainage ditches in the Medoc
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What is the Bas-Medoc?
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Northern part of the Medoc
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What is the Haut-Medoc AOP and what are its communes?
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Narrow corridor of land on the left bank
Saint-Estephe Pauillac St-Julien Listrac-Medoc Moulis-en-Medoc Margaux |
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What is the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux? Who commissioned it?
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Commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III
Ranked top properties by price from 1st through 5th growths |
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What Chateau was elevated in 1973?
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Chateau Mouton-Rothschild
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How many 1er Crus are in Bordeaux?
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5 (Originally 4)
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What are the 1er Crus of Bordeaux?
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Chateau Lafite Rothschild
Chateau Latour Chateau Mouton Rothschild Chateaux Margaux Chateau Haut-Brion |
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How many 2er Crus are in Bordeaux?
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14
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What are the 2er Crus in Bordeaux?
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Chateau Cos d'Estournel (STE)
Chateau Montrose (STE) Chateau Pichon Longueville Baron (PAU) Chateau Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande (PAU) Chateau Leoville-Las Cases (STJ) Chateau Leoville-Poyferre (STJ) Chateau Leoville-Barton (STJ) Chateau Gruaud-Larose (STJ) Chateau Ducru-Beaucaillou (STJ) Chateau Rauzan-Segla (MAR) Chateau Rauzan-Gassies (MAR) Chateau Durfort-Vivens (MAR) Chateau Lascombes (MAR) Chateau Brane-Cantenac (MAR) |
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How many 3er Crus are in Bordeaux?
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14
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What are the 3er Crus in Bordeaux?
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Chateau Calon-Segur (STE)
Chateau Lagrange (STJ) Chateau Langoa-Barton (STJ) Chateau Kirwan (MAR) Chateau d'Issan (MAR) Chateau Giscours (MAR) Chateau Malescot St Exupery (MAR) Chateau Cantenac-Brown (MAR) Chateau Boyd-Cantenac (MAR) Chateau Palmer (MAR) Chateau Desmirail (MAR) Chateau Dubignon (MAR) Chateau Ferriere (MAR) Chateau Marquis d'Alesme Becker (MAR) Chateau La Langue (Haut-Medoc) |
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What is Cru Artisan?
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Designation used for nearly 150 years
Formally recognized in 2002 From 2005 forward, 44 small Medoc producers can use it. |
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What is Cru Bourgeois?
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Originally introduced in 1944
Classified 444 properties into 3 categories: Cru Bourgeois, Cru Bourgeois Superieur, Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel Not official until 2003, when only 247 retained status Legal action nullified the classification Re-introduced in 2008 but no Exceptionnel or Superieur |
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What are the typical soils of the Medoc?
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Gravel
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What are the typical soils of St Emilion?
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Gravel over limestone
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What are the typical soils of Pomerol?
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Iron pan under sand and clay
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What is St-Estephe AOP?
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Northenmost commune of Haut Medoc
Sturdy, full bodied reds with higher percentage of Merlot due to clay in the gravel |
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What are the 1-3 growths of St-Estephe AOP?
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Chateau Cos d'Estournel 2
Chateau Montrose 2 Chateau Calon-Segur 3 |
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What is Pauillac AOP?
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Considered classic claret
Gravel topsoil is deepest Structured and long-lived wines |
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What are the 1st growths of Pauillac?
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Chateau Lafite Rothschild (aromatics and elegance)
Chateau Mouton-Rothschild Chateau Latour (depth and concentration) |
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What are the 1-3 growths of Pauillac?
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Chateau Lafite Rothschild 1
Chateau Mouton-Rothschild 1 Chateau Latour 1 Chateau Pichon Longueville Baron 2 Chateau Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande |
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What is St-Julien AOP?
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Smallest commune in Left Bank but largest percentage of classified growths
Style combines elegance of Pauillac with sturdyness of St-Estephe |
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What are the 1-3 growths of St-Julien?
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Chateau Leoville-Las Cases 2 (super second)
Chateau Leoville-Poyferre 2 Chateau Leoville Barton 2 Chateau Gruaud-Larose 2 Chateau Ducru-Beaucaillou 2 (super second) Chateau Lagrange 3 Chateau Lagona Barton 3 |
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What are Listrac-Medoc AOP and Mouils-en-Medoc AOP?
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Lesser appellations in the Medoc without classified growths
Can produce good values in better vintages Chateau Chasse-Spleen in Moulis is most famous estate of either commune |
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What is Margaux AOP? What is the soil like? How many classified growths does it have?
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Largest communal appellation of Medoc
Most southerly Thinnest soil with the highest proportion to gravel More variety in soil Wine more susceptible to overall vintage quality More classified growths (21) than any other commune |
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What is the 1st growth of Margaux?
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Chateau Margaux
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What are the 2nd growths of Margaux?
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Chateau Rauzan-Segla (MAR)
Chateau Rauzan-Gassies Chateau Durfort-Vivens Chateau Lascombes Chateau Brane-Cantenac |
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What are the 3rd growths of Margaux?
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Chateau Kirwan
Chateau d'Issan Chateau Giscours Chateau Malescot St Exupery Chateau Cantenac-Brown Chateau Boyd-Cantenac Chateau Palmer Chateau Desmirail Chateau Dubignon Chateau Ferriere Chateau Marquis d'Alesme Becker |
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What are villages of Margaux?
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Soussans
Margaux Cantenac Labarde Arsac |
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What are the appellations of the Medoc?
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Medoc AOP
Haut-Medoc AOP St-Estephe AOP Pauillac AOP St-Julien AOP Listrac-Medoc AOP Moulis-en-Medoc AOP Margaux AOP |
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What is the first recorded example of a chateau?
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Ho-Bryan in 1663 in Graves
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What is the first identifiable vineyard in Graves?
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Chateau Pape-Clement, a papal gift awarded to Bordeaux in 1305
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What is the soil of Graves? What are boulbenes?
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Similar to the Medoc, but comes sandier towards the south
Mixture of sand, gravel and light clay in Medoc |
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What is Graves AOP?
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Area south of the Medoc
Allows both red and white wines (25% of production) |
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When was Graves classified?
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1953 for reds
1959 for whites 13 cru classe for reds, 9 for whites, 16 chateau in total But Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion (red) produced its last vintage in 2005 and Chateau Laville Haut-Brion (white) produced its last vintage in 2008 - both supply fruit for red and white under label Chateau La Mission Haut Brion |
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What is Pessac-Leognan?
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Sub AOP in nothern Graves
Created in 1987 Prestige appellation for both reds and whites of Graves |
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What are the sweet white appellations of Graves?
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Graves Superieur AOP and its sub-appellations: Cerons, Barsac and Sauternes
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What are the effects of Botrutis cinera?
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Dehydrates them concentrating sugar, acid and glycol
Creates intense spiced complexity with hotes of honey, saffron, dried fruit and ginger |
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Why is Sauternes so special for dessert wine?
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Conflux of the Ciron and the Garonne rivers, which produces a lot of humidity
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When was Sauternes classified?
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1855 with the Medoc
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What are the levels of Sauternes classifications?
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Premier Cru Superieur (Chateau d'Yquem - 12 tries vs a dozen)
1er Cru 2eme Cru |
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What are the five villages of Sauternes?
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Sauternes
Barsac (in either Sauternes or Barsac) Fargues Preignac Bommes |
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What are the must levels and residual RS in Sauternes?
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221 g/L and 45 g/L
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Is Sauternes aged in oak?
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Yes, with a moderate to high percentage of new oak.
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What are the appellations of Graves?
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Graves AOP
Graves Superieur AOP Pessac-Leognan AOP Cerons AOP Barsac AOP Sauternes AOP |
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What is Chateau Gilette's Creme de Tete?
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Botrytised dessert wine aged for decades in concrete vats
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What is St-Emilion AOP?
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Right bank of the Dordogne River
Reds dominted by Merlot and Cab Franc Soils divided into cotes (limestone slopes) and graves (gravelly limestone plateau) |
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What is the Classification of St-Emilion?
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Classified in 1954, published in 1955
Revisions in 1969, 1985, 1996, 2006 Reviewed every decade by peer-reviewed tastings 2009 law reinstated 8 chateaux declassified in 2006 |
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How many chateau are in each level of the Classifcation of St-Emilion?
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1er Cru Classe A - 2
1er Cru Classe B - 13 Grand Cru Classe - 57 |
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What are the 1er Cru Classe chateaux for St-Emilion?
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Chateau Ausone
Chateau Cheval Blanc |
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What is St-Emilion Grand Cru AOP? What are its requirements?
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Appellation, not a classification
Must have an additional .5% alcohol Must undergo longer elevage All Grand Cru Classe wines in St-Emilion must meet these requirements |
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What is Pomerol AOP?
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Small right bank AOP, just 5 sq mi and 1930 acres of vineyards
Dominated by sand, clay gravel with a subsoil of iron pan and rich clay (crasse de fer) Wines have a reputation of being hedonistic, opulent and plump |
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What are the best properties in Pomerol?
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Chateau Petrus
Vieux-Chateau-Certan Chateau Lafleur Chateau Le Pin Chateau Trotanoy |
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What are the most famous of the garagiestes?
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Le Pin in Pomerl
Valandraud and La Mondotte in St-Emilion |
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What are the satellite appellations of St-Emilion?
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Lussac-St-Emilion AOP
Montagne-St-Emilion AOP Puisseguin-St-Emilion AOP St-Georges-St-Emilion AOP |
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What are Pomerol's neighboring wine districts?
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Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP
Fronsac AOP Canon-Fronsac AOP |
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What are the AOPs of the right bank?
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St-Emilion AOP
Lussac-St-Emilion AOP Montagne-St-Emilion AOP Puisseguin-St-Emilion AOP St-Georges-St-Emilion AOP St-Emilion Grand Cru AOP Pomerol AOP Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP Fronsac AOP Canon-Fronsac AOP |
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Where are the oldest cultivated vineyards in Bordeaux?
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Bourg AOP
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What is Bourg AOP?
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Limestone sloped small appellation on the right bank of the Gironde near where the Dordogne and the Garonne meet
Produces reds |
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What is Blaye AOP?
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Located North of Bourg
Produces reds with a min 50% Cabernet Sauvignon Cotes de Blaye includes a large percentage of Ugni blanc and Colombard in its dry whites |
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What is Cotes de Bordeaux AOP?
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Created in 2008 to consolidate some appellations and simplify labeling language
Predominantly red May list area of origin on the bottle |
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What is Entre-Deux-Mers AOP?
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"land between two seas"
Produces dry whites only May use geographical designation "Haut-Benauge" but must be dry in style |
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What are the sweet white appellations on the eastern shore of the Garrone?
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Loupiac AOP
St-Croix-Du-Mont AOP Cadillac AOP |
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What is Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux AOP?
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Sweet white wines produced to the north of Cadillac AOP
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What is Cotes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire AOP?
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South of Loupiac
May produce whites in sec, molleux or liquereux styles |
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What is Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux AOP?
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AOP close to Bergerac that releases both red and whites in sec, molleux or liquereux styles
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What is Graves de Vayres AOP?
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On the left bank of the Dordogne river, opposite of Libourne.
Produces dry reds and whites |
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What are the classic vintages for Bordeaux?
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2010
2009 2005 2000 1995 1990 1989 1986 1985 1982 1970 1966 1961 1945 |
