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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sumarians
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3classes
upper:kings, nobels,priests,gov't officials middle:merchants farmers soldiers lower:slaves *Developed 1st written language (cuneiform) *Studied math and science -advanced math created a system for subdividing a day and a year and a circle into 360 degrees *skillful in using the wheel *invented the arch and zuggurat |
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Assyrians
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*Established 1st library 22,000 in sumerian cuineform
*traders and fierce warriors *built system of roads *system where goveror was appointed to oversee kings territory |
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Babylonians
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*Hammurabi's code:282 laws based on strong should not injure the weak
*Nubuchadrezzar II - conqured and spent money to build up babylon. he created the haning gardens *belived in astrology which led to the study of astronomy |
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The Hebrews
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*Believed in a single all powerful God
*Recorded the bible *moral behavior based on 10 commandments set new standards *Their prophets fought for justice for the poor and weak |
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Phoenicians
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*Invented an alphabet to keep track of business trade records
_22 letters that represented the sounds of the human voice _made it easier to read and write _because of their travels, its use spread *Skilled traders and shipbuilders. One of 1st to sail at night by the stars *developed artistic skills *traded all over the mediterranean |
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Persians
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*divided their empire into provinces for easier rule
*built roads and canals *wrote the Avesta, a religous book based on beliefs of prophet Zoroaster |
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Hittites
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*1st to use iron instead of softer metals such as copper and bronze
*Signed some of the 1st treaties King HattusiliIII and Kim Ramses II of Egypt signed a treaty. -Agreed not to make war on each other -help each other if attacked -respect each others borders |
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Egyptians
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*made paper from papyrus reed
*invented a calandar *built pyramids *invented the shadoof, a crane like device for lifter water from the nile *used a loom to weave cloth for clothing *invented hieroglyphics |
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Egyptian people
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King Menes-united egypt, 1st pharaoh
Queen Hatshepsut-daughter of Thumtmose I who became Queen and later married ThutmoseII and became pharaoh after his death AmenhotepIV/Akhenaten-believed in worshiping one god, Aten the sun god Cleopatra-a queen of Egypt |
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Ancient Greece - Athens
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athens
*direct democracy. every citizen was a memeber of the assembly. The assembly passed laws *golden age of athens/pericles - time of great writing and learning, architecture *Socrates, plato, aristotle |
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Ancient Greece - Sparta
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Sparta
*Military state *every male spartan became a soldier *boys left home and began training at age 7 *had slaves *little in arts and sciences *disliked athenian way of life *Peloponnesian war - sparta defeated athens |
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Accomplishments of the greeks
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*developed worlds 1st democracy
*1st to take a scientific approach to medicine by observing and carefully studying disease (hippocrates, father of medicine) *playwrites wrote 1st dramas (euripides and sophocles) *invented rules of geomotry and math. Wrote geomotry text Elements *developed the art of philosophy to search for wisdom and truth (SPA) *Outstanding literature and poetry. Homer's Iliad and Odyssey and Sapho's poems *Wrote the 1st histories *studied and classified plants *beautiful buildings and sculptures - heavy use of columns, DIC |