Cset Subtest 1 World History

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Pre History to 500 C.E

Back 1

1. The agricultural revolution of the Neolithic Age gave rise to complex human societies that become known as the first civilization.
2.Early humans learned to control fire and make tools, Neolithic peoples domesticated animals.
3. Early humans migrated to warmer climates during Ice Ages and Neanderthals inhabited Europe and Asia.
4. Sumerians in Mesopotamia were among first groups to build civilization, and first to develop a system of writing.
5. Longest lasting and most powerful Empires were Assyrian and Persian Empires

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Pre History to 500 C.E- Utilized environment and Invented new technologies

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1. Environment- Egypt used floodwaters for farming; Phoenicia set up a trading empire on the sea; Mesopotamia created irrigation and flood control systems.
2. Cooperation- Assyria developed an empire wide communication system; Mesopotamia built temples and houses for religious leaders; Palestine adhered to sacred law to maintain separateness.
3. Cultural Diffusion- Assyria acquired iron making from the Hittites; Persia acquired architecture from the the Assyrians, Babylonians, and Egyptians; Eqypt acquired bronze making from the Hyssops
4. Innovation- Mesopotamia invented the arch, dome, wheel, and system of writing; Phoenicia invented an alphabet; Persia created a standing army

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India and China (3000 B.C.E- 500 C.E)

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1. Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism profoundly affected the way of life of the early Indians and Chinese.
2. The Silk Road provided a means for prosperous trade.
3. The ruler of the Zhou overthrew the Shang Dynasty and Established the longest-lasting dynasty in Chinese History.
4. The Great Wall of China was built to keep out Enemies

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India (3000 B.C.E- 500 C.E)
Achievement and Innovations

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1. Religion/Philosophy- Hinduism, Buddhism
2. Key People- Siddhartha Guatama, Asoka, Chandragupta II
3. Innovation- Iron Plow, Caste system, concept of Zero, Decimal system
4. Literature- Mahabaharata, Ramayana, Arthasastra, Vedas
5. Government/ Society- Patriarchal, Monarchy

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China (3000 B.C.E- 500 C.E)
Achievement and Innovations

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1. Religion/Philosophy- Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism
2. Key People- Confucius, Laozi, Qin Shihuangdi
3. Innovation- Bronze casting, crossbow, paper, iron plowshare, silk
4. Literature- Analects, Confucian Classics, Tao Te Ching, poetry
5. Government/ Society- Patriarchal, Monarchy

Front 6

Ancient Greece(1900-133 B.C.E)

Back 6

1. Athens and Sparta emerged as the leading Greek city-states.
2. The Greek army defeated the Persian Army.
3. Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle established the foundations of Western philosophy.

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Ancient Greece(1900-133 B.C.E)
MINOANS

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ENVIRONMENTAL
a. Location- Crete
b. Factors- Tidal Waves
MOVEMENT
a. Origin-Unknown
b. Trade- Sea trading empire
REGIONALISM
a. Government-King
b. Values, interest, beliefs- Sports, Nature
CONFLICT
a. With other Greeks- Invaded by Mycenaeans

Front 8

Ancient Greece(1900-133 B.C.E)
MYCENAEANS

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ENVIRONMENTAL
a. Location- Peloponnesus
b. Factors- Earthquakes
MOVEMENT
a. Origin-Indo-European
b. Trade- Pottery
REGIONALISM
a. Government-Monarchies forming a loose alliance of independent states
b. Values, interest, beliefs- Heroic deeds
CONFLICT
a. With other Greeks- Conquered Minoans
b. With Foreign invaders- Fell to Greek-speaking invaders

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Ancient Greece(1900-133 B.C.E)
SPARTANS

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ENVIRONMENTAL
a. Location- Peloponnesus
b. Factors- Earthquakes
MOVEMENT
a. Origin-Greek speaking invaders
b. Trade- Trade discouraged
REGIONALISM
a. Government-Military state, oligarchy
b. Values, interest, beliefs- Discipline, military arts
CONFLICT
a. With other Greeks- Conquered other Greeks, fought Athenians
b. With Foreign invaders-Fought Persians, Macedonians

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Ancient Greece(1900-133 B.C.E)
ATHENIANS

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ENVIRONMENTAL
a. Location- Attica
b. Factors- Lack of fertile land
MOVEMENT
a. Origin-Greek speaking invaders
b. Trade- Pottery
REGIONALISM
a. Government- Oligarchy, direct democracy
b. Values, interest, beliefs- Philosophy, art, theater, architecture
CONFLICT
a. With other Greeks- Fought Spartans
b. With Foreign invaders-Fought Persians, Macedonians

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Rome and the Rise of Christianity (600 B.C.E-500 C.E)

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1. Romans overthrew the last Etruscan king and established a republic.
2. Roman crushed Hannibal and won the second Punic War.
3. Augustus became the first emperor, signifying the beginning of the Roman Empire.
4. Constantine proclaimed official tolerance of Christianity.
5. Germanic tribes defeated the Romans,and the empire fell.

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Rome and the Rise of Christianity (600 B.C.E-500 C.E)
CAUSES AND EFFECTS THAT SHAPED HISTORICAL EVENTS IN ANCIENT ROME

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1. CAUSE- Rome defeated Carthage and took Sicily
EFFECT- Hannibal brought the Second Punic War into Italy, defeated the Romans at Cannae
2. CAUSE- Marius recruited armies by promising them land. He required an oath of loyalty to him
EFFECT- The Roman army was no longer under government control; military power rested in the hands of individual generals
3. CAUSE-Sulla used his army to seize governmental power
EFFECT- Sulla restored power to the government with a strong Senate, but his actions set the precedent for military coups.
4. CAUSE- Julius Caeser filled the Senate with his own supporters
EFFECT- The power of the senate was weekened. Julius Caeser was assassinated in 44 BCE
5. CAUSE- Economic and social policies of Diocletian and Constantine were based on control and coercion.
EFFECT- The policies of these two emperors contributed to the empire's eventual collapse.