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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
European Exploration (1530-1765)
First explorers from Spain and England sailed the California- no settlements establised. Spain occasionally sent exploring parties up coast. Other colonial states of the era paid little attention to California until the mid 1700's when Russian and British explorers and fur-traders began encroaching on the margins of the area
Hernan Cortes
Was looking for the Seven Cities of Cibola (Amazon women with gold). Expedition in 1533 discovered a bay (most likely La Paz) accompanied expeditions 1534 and 1535- never found sought-after city
Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo
First European to explore the California coast. He was a Portugese navigator sailing for the Spanish crown. Sailed to San Diego Bay, San Miguel, Channel Islands and continued North looking for coastal route to Asia
Sir Frances Drake
1579 claimed a harbor for England. Location remains unknown and there was no follow up
Spanish colonization and governance (1697-1821)
The missions- intended to demonstrate the claim of the Spanish-Empire to Modern day California. By 1820, Spanish influence was marked by the chain of missions from Loreto (north of San Diego) to north of SF.
First Spanish Colonies
First Mission established in Loreto, Baja California. Wasn't until the threat of an incursion by Russia, coming down from Alaska in 1765, that King Charles III of Spain felt development of more northern missions necessary
Junipero Serra
Majorcan (Spain) Franciscan who founded the Alta California Mission chain.
Alta California Missions
The California Missions comprise a series of religious outposts established by the Spanish Catholic Dominicans, Jesuits and Franciscans to spread the Christian doctrine among the local Native Americans, with the added benefit of confirming historic Spanish claims to the area
- Situated about 30 miles apart (one day longs horseback ride)
3 major agencies employed by the Spanish crown in an attempt to consolidate its colonia territories
The Missions, the presidio (royal fort), and the pueblo (town)
Ranchos
The Spanish (and later the Mexicans) encouraged settlement with large land grants which were turned into ranchos, where cattle and sheep were raised. The owners of these ranchos styled themselves after the land gentry in Spain and their workers included some Native Americans who learned to speak Spanish and ride horses
Russian Attempts at colonization
Fur trappers of the Russian Empire explores the West Coast, hunting the sea for sea otter pelts as far south as San Diego. Had trading post at Fort Ross (near modern Sonoma) on land claimed, but not occupied by Britain. Sonoma barracks established in 1836 as party of a strategy to halt Russian incursions in the region
Mexican Era (1821-1846)
Mexican independance from Spain (1821) marked the end of Eurpoean rule in California; the Missions faded in importance under Mexican Control while ranching and trade increased
"Californios"
By the mid-1840's the increased presence of Americans made the northern part of the state diverge from Southern California, where the Spanish-speaking "Californios" dominated.
Californios included both the descendants of European settlers from Spain and Mexico, other European settlers, Mestizos and local Native Americans who adopted Spanish culture and converted to Christianity
secularization
The Mexican Congress passed an act for secularization of the Missions of California in 1833. Mission San Juan Capistrano was the first to feel its effects. The Franciscans soon thereafter abandoned the missions, taking with them everything of value after which the locals typically plundered the mission buildings for construction materials
Bidwell-Bartelson party of 1841
Although a number of American traders and trappers had lived in California since the 1830's, this was the first organized overland group. With mules and on foot they pioneered their way across the continent using the California Trail.
US Exploring expedition
also in 1841, and overland party that came into California down the Siskiyou Trail from the Pacific Northwest
Caleb Greenwood
was a Western US fur trapper and trail guide. In 1844 he guided the Stephens-Townsend-Murphy emigrant party across the Sierra Nevada mountain range, completing the first overland wagon journey to California
Bear Flag Revolt 1846
30 non-Mexican settlers, mostly Americans, staged a revolt and seiged a small Mexican garrison in Sonoma. They raised the "Bear Flag" of the California Republic. It lasted one week until the US Army took over. The California state flag today is based on the Bear Flag, and continues to contain the words "California Republic"
Mexican American War (1846-1848)
Most important consequence- Mexican Cession, in which Mexican territories of Alta California and Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico were ceded to the US under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Statehood (1849-1850
1847-49 California was run by the US military. Entered as an official (free) state September 9, 1850 as part of the compromise of 1850. Sacramento became capital in 1854