Csd 350 Quiz 1A Neuroanatomy Terms

Front 1

Dorsal

Back 1

back (spinal cord)

Front 2

Ventral

Back 2

front (stomach side)

Front 3

Unilateral

Back 3

one side of the brain

Front 4

Bilateral

Back 4

both sides

Front 5

medial

Back 5

toward middle

Front 6

lateral

Back 6

toward either side

Front 7

ipsilateral

Back 7

same side

Front 8

contralateral

Back 8

opposite side

Front 9

sulcus/fissure

Back 9

irregular groves/folds of cortex

Front 10

gyrus/convolution

Back 10

elevated portion between sulci

Front 11

central sulcus

Back 11

fissure of Rolando

Front 12

lateral sulcus

Back 12

Sylvian fissure

Front 13

nucleus

Back 13

collection of cells within CNS

Front 14

ganglia

Back 14

collection of cells outisde the CNS

Front 15

presynaptic/postsynaptic cell

Back 15

relative to nerve impulse signal

Front 16

gray matter

Back 16

cells/neurons

Front 17

white matter

Back 17

myelinated axons

Front 18

afferent

Back 18

sensory signal from sensory surface to brain

Front 19

efferent

Back 19

motor signal to muscle from brain

Front 20

anterior

Back 20

toward the front end

Front 21

posterior

Back 21

toward the rear end

Front 22

rostral

Back 22

toward the head

Front 23

caudal

Back 23

toward the rear, away from the head

Front 24

superior

Back 24

above another part

Front 25

inferior

Back 25

below another part

Front 26

lateral

Back 26

toward the side, away from the midline

Front 27

medial

Back 27

toward the midline, away from the side

Front 28

proximal

Back 28

located close (approximate) to the point of origin or attachment

Front 29

distal

Back 29

located farther (more distant) from the point of origin or attachment

Front 30

coronal plane
or
frontal plane

Back 30

a plane that shows brain structures, as they would be seen form the front

Front 31

sagittal plane

Back 31

a plane that shows brain structures as they would be seen from the side

Front 32

horizontal plane
or
transverse plane

Back 32

a plane that shows brain structures as they would be seen from above

Front 33

lamina

Back 33

a row or layer of cell bodies separated from other cell bodies by a layer of axons and dendrites

Front 34

column

Back 34

a set of cells perpendicular to the surface of the cortex, having similar properties

Front 35

tract

Back 35

a set of axons within the CNS, also known as projection. If axons extend from cell bodies in structure A to synapses onto structure B, we say that the fibers "project" from A onto B

Front 36

nerve

Back 36

a set of axons in the periphery, either from the CNS to a muscle or gland, or from a sensory organ to the CNS

Front 37

ganglion

Back 37

a cluster of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS (as in he sympathetic nervous system), or any cluster of neurons in an invertebrate species

Front 38

"all-or-none"

Back 38

amplitude of nerve impulse is same regardless of magnitude of suprathreshold triggering threshold. Analogy: once you pull the trigger of a gun, bullet has the same velocity whether the trigger was slightly touched or fired with much force

Front 39

axon

Back 39

a single extension from a cell body carrying info away from the cell to other neurons

Front 40

dendrites

Back 40

extensions from a cell body which are receptive surfaces of the cell; carry info into a cell

Front 41

synapse

Back 41

an area composed of (1) presynaptic (axonal) terminal; postsynaptic membrane (usually a dendrite & the space between them). This is the site where a neural message travels from one neuron to another

Front 42

anion

Back 42

negatively charged ion; mostly responsible for negative resting potential of all cells

Front 43

graded potentials

Back 43

electrical charges that vary in size over time & space; lead to either action potential or inhibition (EPSP & IPSP respectively)

Front 44

EPSP

Back 44

excitatory postsynaptic potential IPSP: inhibitory postsynaptic potential