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27 Cards in this Set

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Code Switching
Changing from one language variety to another in discourse. Speakers shift dialects and registers.
Content Words
called open-class word. Nouns, verbs and modifiers within a language are considered content words. These large word classes freely admit new items and drop old ones as a language evolves.
Core group
number of words used predominately, when beginning to learn language
Decontextualized language
Language that is not tied to the here and now; language that makes reference to people, events and experiences that are not part of the immediate context.
Deixis
a term used in linguistics to denote those aspects of an utterance that refer to and depend upon the situation in which the utterance is made. Deictic words indicate the situational ‘co‐ordinates’ of person (I/you, us/them), place (here/there, this/that), and time (now/then, yesterday/today).
Ellipsis
omission of a word or words from an utterance that would be necessary for a complete syntactic construction, but which are not necessary for understanding.
Expressive Style
(noun leavers) - a speech style observed in toddlers characterized by the use of many personal-social terms, use relatively fewer nouns, more jargon and less precise articulation
Fast Mapping
Children’s ability to form an initial hypothesis about a word’s meaning very quickly, after hearing it only once or twice
Function Words
also called closed-class or grammatical words. Articles, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, and conjunctions are considered to be function words. They are smaller in number than content words and do not change their composition readily.
High-Print Environment
environment where many literacy items are present and where adults are modeling use of those written language materials - books, newspapers, lists, magazines, etc.
Metalinguistic Ability
knowledge about language, for example, an understanding of what a word is and a consciousness of the sounds of language. The ability to think about language.
MLU
mean length of utterance. A measure applied to children’s language to gauge syntactic development; the average length of the child’s utterances is calculated in morphemes.
Narratives
a story that is created in a constructive format that describes a sequence of fictional or non-fictional events.
Orthography
Written system of language; the spelling system
Overextension
used here to refer to a child’s use of a word in a broader context than is permissible in the adult language; for instance, a child might call all men “Daddy.”
Overgeneralization (overregularization errors)
a common tendency among children to apply grammatical rules to words that are exceptions; for example, hurted and mouses.
Phonemic awareness
is a subset of phonological awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes within words
Phonological awareness
- A form of metalinguistic knowledge that includes the ability to recognize the sounds and syllables of language and to talk about them; one of the basic skills that underlies literacy.
Referential style (noun lovers)
speech style observed in toddlers characterized by the use of nouns primarily, and few personal social terms, generally clearer articulation
Semantic development
the acquisition of words and their many meanings and the development of that knowledge into a complex hierarchical network of associated meanings
Slow mapping
extended period of word learning that enriches the lexical-semantic representation; requires multiple exposures to the word in many different contexts
Telegraphic speech
speech that consists of content words without functors, much like a telegram; speech often associated with young children acquiring language
Underextension
use or understanding of a word that does not include its full range – assuming, for instance, that dog refers only to collies, young children will often use dog to refer only to their pet.
Extended discourse
Multi-utterance discourse that makes reference to people, events, and experiences that are not part of the immediate context. Examples include narratives and explanations.
Vocabulary breadth
refers to the number of words known
Vocabulary Depth
refers to the various kinds of word knowledge, including spelling, multiple meanings, morphological structure, types of sentences in which it can occur, situations in which word can be used, and origin(s) of the word.
Word spurt
rapid increase in number of words a child is learning and using, typically occurs after the child has acquired first 50 words (18-24 months)