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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adduction
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when the vocal folds come together
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Abduction
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when the vocal folds spread apart
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Afferent
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axonal fibers that conduct impulses toward the central nervous system
-sensory |
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Neurotransmitters
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chemical messengers of the nervous system
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Myelin
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white fatty covering of an axon
-made of glial cells |
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Basal Gabglia
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a group of sub-cortical structures that include the putamen, globus pallidus, and caudate that contribute to the control of motor behavior
-damaged causes tremors -parkinsons, cerebral palsy |
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Prosody
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the intonation and rhyme of a spoken language
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Arcuate Fasciculus
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connects wernicke's area to broca's area
-damaged = difficulty in repeating what is heard -critical to speech and language functioning |
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Primary Motor Strip (location)
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precentral gyrus
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Bernoulli Effect
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as the velocity of airflow increases, pressure decreases with total energy remaining constant
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Meninges
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tissue coverings overlying the central nervous system
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Broca's Area
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(44) located on the third frontal gyrus anterior to the precentral face area
-OR posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus -damaged = problems carrying out speech movements |
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Cerebral Hemispheres
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tow major parts of the cerebrum joined by the corpus callosum
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Puramidal Tract
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major motor pathway from cerebral cortex to brain stem and spinal cord
-origin centered on the motor strip (4) -from brain to muscles -accomplishes a goal |
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Coarticulation
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overlapping of articulatory and acoustic patterns of speech production due tot he anticipation or retention of a speech feature
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Corpus Callosum
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fiber pathways joining the cerebral hemispheres
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Efferent
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conduction away from a central structure
-motor |
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Extrapyramidal Tract
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indirect motor pathways made up of networks of neurons
-important for control of movements -originates in front of motor strip (6) -damaged = problems with the level of background electrical activity within muscles -development of involuntary movements like tremors |
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Formant
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a resonance of the vocal tract
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Fundamental Frequency
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the lowest frequency (1st harmonic) of a complex periodic waveform
-F0 |
