Cscs Test Prep Chapter 9

Front 1

Ergogenic Aid

Back 1

Any: substance, mechanical aid, or training method that improves sports performance

Front 2

Dietary Supplements (Verbal Definition)

Back 2

A Highly refined product that would not be confused with food.

Front 3

Dietary Supplements (Ingredients Definition)

Back 3

1. Product (not tobacco) to supplement diet that contains one or more of the following:
- Vitamin(s)
- Mineral(s)
- Herb or other Botanical
- Amino Acid(s)
- A dietary substance for humans to supp the diet increasing the total dietary intake
- A: concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combo of any ingredient above

2. The product must be intended for ingestion and cannot be advertised as food.

Front 4

NCAA Banned List

Back 4

Stimulants

Anabolic Agents

Substances banned from specific sports

Street Drugs

Peptide Hormones and Analogs

Anti-Estrogens

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Catecholamines

Back 5

i.e. adrenaline (epinephrine)

- Agent that have metabolic and nervous system effects, are often used to enhance:
~ Weight-loss
~ Greater arousal for performance

Front 6

Anabolic Steroids (Definition)

Back 6

Synthetic (man-made) derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone

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Anabolic Steroids (Side Effects)

Back 7

Stimulates:
- Protein Synthesis
- Athletic Performance
- Increased: Muscle Size, Body Mass, and Strength

Responsible for:
- Development and maturation of male secondary sex characteristics:
~ Increased: Body Hair, Masculine Voice, Male Pattern Baldness, Libido, Sperm Production, Aggresssiveness

Front 8

"Stacking" Regimen

Back 8

When athletes administer several drugs simultaneously.
- Typically used with Anabolic Steriods

Front 9

Muscle Dysmorphia

Back 9

An altered self-image when an athlete they look small and weak even though they are actually large and muscular
- AKA "Reverse Anorexia Nervosa"

Front 10

Prohormones

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Testosterone Pre-Cursors
- Premised thought that they will increase testosterone concentrations

Front 11

Prohormones (Side Affects)

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Adverse Side Effects Similar to that associated with anabolic steroids

Front 12

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

Back 12

Hormone from pregnant women's placenta

Similar to Luteinizing Hormone

Can:
- Increase testicular testosterone production

Used:
- Post-Cycle therapy from steroids to up regulate endogenous testosterone production
- Also stabilize Test-to-Epitest ratio

Front 13

Anabolic Hormone (Insulin)

Back 13

Secreted by Pancreas
- In response to elected glucose/amino acids

- Facilitates: uptake of glucose and amino acids into the cell

- Increase: Protein synthesis

Cannot be detected in urine

SIDE EFFECT: Major hypoglycemia (even fatal)

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Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

Back 14

Secreted from Pituitary Gland

Ergogenic Effects:
- Stimulation of bone and skeletal muscle growth

Metabolic functions:
- Maintaining blood glucose levels
- Increase: glucose and amino acids uptake in muscle cell
- Stimulates the release of fatty acids from fat cells

Front 15

Human Growth Hormone (HGH) (Side Effects)

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Gigantism

Acromegaly

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Gigantism

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Adverse Side Effect of HGH

A condition when a person becomes abnormally tall

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Acromegaly

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Adverse Side Effect of HGH

Disfiguring disease characterized by:
- Widening of the bones
- Arthritis
- Organ Enlargement
- Metabolic abnormalities

Front 18

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Back 18

A protein hormone that can be produced by recombinant DNA.

Produced in the Kidneys

Stimulates the production of new red blood cells

Abused by endurance athletes to increase aerobic capacity by large amounts of oxygen carrying red blood cells

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Erythropoietin (EPO) (Adverse Side Effects)

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Increase RBC concentration
- Increase Blood Viscosity
- - Increases risk of blood clotting
- - Elevations of Systolic BP
- - Compromised Thermoregulatory System

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b-Agonists

Back 20

Substances chemically related to epinephrine (regulates lipolysis, and thermogenesis)

Used Medically for Asthma and other LTMC

Performance:
- Increase in lean mass
- Decreased fat storage

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Lipolysis

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The breakdown of Fat

Front 22

Thermogenesis

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Increased energy expenditure for heat production

Front 23

Partitioning Agents

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Agents that have specific effects on body composition
(b-Agonists)

Front 24

Lipogenesis

Back 24

Fat synthesis and storage

Front 25

b-Blocker

Back 25

Drugs that block b-adrenergic receptors
- Prevents catecholamines (nor/epinephrine) from binding

- Medically for CVD

- Ergogenically:
~ Reduce performance anxiety
~ Reduce performance tremors
~ Steadies controlled movements during performance
~ M/B increase physiological adaptations to endurance training by up regulating of b-receptors

May also DECREASE performance by impairing CV response to exercise, reducing O2 uptake

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Ergolytic

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Reduced sports performance

Front 27

Essential Amino Acids (EAA)

Back 27

Amino acids not produced in the body and must be obtained through diet.

EAA's:
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Valine
- Lysine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan

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Essential Amino Acids (EAA) (Side Effects)

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When consumed before/after workouts, increase the effects (strength and muscles mass) of resistance training

Front 29

Nadir Effect

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Theory that acute anabolic stimulus from EAA intake during resistance ex. or in general during the day would be matched by a negative muscle protein balance equal in the magnitude during the night.
- Making EAA infective
- Proven to be false

Front 30

Muscle Buffering Capacity (MBC)

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The ability to regulate H+ concentrations in skeletal muscle during high-intensity exercise

Front 31

Physical Working Capacity at Fatigue Threshold (PWCft)

Back 31

The highest exercise intensity a person can maintain without signs of fatigue

Highly correlated with Anaerobic Threshold Measurements (lactate and ventilatory)

Front 32

Creatine ( Chemical Definition)

Back 32

Nitrogenous organic compound
- Synthesized in body (liver, etc.)
- Also obtained in diet
- Stored in muscle (phosphor)

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Creatine (Ex Phys Definition)

Back 33

In Creatine-Phosphate form:
- Big Role in energy metabolism
- Forms ATP by re-phosphorylating ADP
- ESPECIALLY DURING SHORT-TERM, HIGH INTENSITY EXERCISE

Allows for continuous perform high-intensity exercise (CP as an energy source)

Ergogenic Effects:
- Increases Strength
- Reduce training Fatigue
- Enhance Post-Workout Recovery
- Increase in body mass

Front 34

Caffeine (Chemical Definition)

Back 34

Most widely used stimulant drug in the world.

- CNS stimulant (similar/weaker to amphetamines)

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Caffeine (Ergogenic Effects-Aerobic)

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Prolong Aerobic Endurance
- Increase fat oxidation
- Mobilizes Free Fatty Acids from adipose tissues
- Glycogen Sparing

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Caffeine (Ergogenic Effects - Anaerobic)

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- Enhanced Power Production
- - Due to enhanced Excitation-Contraction Coupling
- - Enhanced Neuromuscular Transmission
- - Enhanced Intracellular Calcium Ion Mobilization from the SR

- Enhanced kinetics of Glycolytic Regulatory Enzymes (i.e. phosphorylase)

Front 37

Logarithmic Relationship

Back 37

Increase in steroids = Increase in muscle and other enhancements