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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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No matter how much information you have... |
... You will always have more uncertainty |
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Information is Physical |
Information is always embodied in some physical representation - in on paper - holes in punch cards, magnetic patters on a floppy disk - arrangement of atoms in DNA |
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Entropy |
in computer science measure uncertainty in thermodynamics order gives way to disorder |
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8 possibilities require how many bits? |
Requires 3 bits (2^3 = 8) or 3 bits of uncertainty Sunny all day Cloudy then Sunny Cloudy all day Sunny then Storm Storm all day Cloudy then Storm Sunny then Cloudy Storm then Cloudy |
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Shannon's Entropy |
Measured information in bits (information theory: 2^1 = 1 bit and two possibilities, 2^2 = 2 bits and 4 possibilities, 2^3 = 3 bits and 8 possibilities and so on) |
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All communication is what? |
... is just information processing. |
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The main idea of all communication being information processing is: |
Information is something real and important in the description of nature Information is not abstract Information is physical |
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Consider Complex systems |
The universe is full of them Chemicals in our bodies - Black holes - Summer thunderstorms |
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Processing mechanisms |
All are information They acquire information about the environment and use it to decide what to do next. |
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The 1st Law of THermodynamics |
Total energy of a system plus the surroundings is constant - or The Law of Conservation of Energy |
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The 2nd Law of THermodynamics |
Entropy (disorder) of the universe increases - energy can't even break even requires any use of energy to produce some "waste heat" that is too degraded to do further work |
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Thermodynamics |
The study of energy (heat) |
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James Maxwell |
Known for explaining Electricity and Magnetism using mathematics Believed the 2nd Law was a statistical law - based on probabilities |
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Measuring temperature |
you can precisely measure the average speed of the molecules not the exact speed of any one molecule |
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Homogeneous |
common origin
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Loquacious |
talkative |
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Pragmatic |
practical values and results |
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Volatile |
explosive or unstable |
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If input A AND input B are a 1, then output is : |
1 |
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If input A OR input B are a 1, then output is a |
1 |
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If input A is 1, then output is ___, under the NOT Logic Gate |
0 |
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If input A is 0, then output is ___, under the NOT Logic Gate |
1 |
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If input A NOR 0 input B are a 1, the output is a |
1 |
