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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Data Communications
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The study of low-level mechanisms and technologies used to send information across a physical communication medium, such as a wire, radio wave, or light beam.
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TCP/IP
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Internet Protocol Suite. Provides the basic of the global Internet, and forms an important part of the study of computer networking.
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Internet
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The Internet is formed by interconnecting multiple packet switching networks. Internetworking is substaintially more powerful than a single networking technology because the approach permits new technologies to be incorporated at any time without requiring the replacement of old technologies.
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Public Network
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A public network is owned by a service provider, and offers service to any individual or organization that pays the subscription fee. Data transferred across a public network is not revealed to outsiders.
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Private Network
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A network is said to be private if use of the network is restricted to one group. A private network can include circuits leased from a provider. A private network can serve an individual consumer, a small office, a small-to-medium business, or a large enterprise.
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interoperability
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refers to the ability of two entities to communicate, and say that if two entities can communicate without any misunderstandings, they interoperate correctly.
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Communication protocol, network protocol, or protocol
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A communicaiton protocol specifies the details for one aspect of computer communication, including actions to be taken when erros or unexpected situations arise. A given protocol can specify low-level details, such as the voltage and signals to be used, or high-level items such as the format of messages that application programs exchange.
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Layering Model
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A layering model describes how all aspects of a communication problem can be partitioned into pieces that work together. Each piece is known as a layer; the terminology arises because protocls in a suite are organized into a linear sequence. Dividing protocols into layers help both protocol designers and implementors manage the complexity by allowing them to concentrate on one aspect of communication at a given time.
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TCP/IP Layering Model
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Layer 1: Physical, Layer 2: Network Interface, Layer 3: Internet, Layer 4:Transport, Layer 5: Application
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Layer 1: Physical
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Specify details about the underlying transmission medium and the associated hardware.
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Layer 2: Network Interface
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Specify details about communiation between higher layers of protocols, which are usually implemented in software, and the underlying network, which is implemented in hardware.
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Layer 3: Internet
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Specify communication between two computers across the Internet.
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Layer 4: Transport
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provide for communication from an application program on one computer to an application program on another. Specifications that control the maximum rate a reciever can accept data, mechanisms to avoid network congestion, and techiniques to insure that all data is received in the correct order belong in layer 4.
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Layer 5: Application
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Specify how a pair of applications interact when they communicate.
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Header
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Additional information added by a protocol. Headers are added by protocol software as the data passes down through the layers on the sending computer.
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ARPA
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Advanced Research Projeeccts Agency is an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense.
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Why was there a shift in Internet availability?
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The Availability of high-speed computation and communication technologies shifted the focus of the Internet from resource sharing general-purpose communications.
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