Csc 240 - Chapter 1

Front 1

Data Communications

Back 1

The study of low-level mechanisms and technologies used to send information across a physical communication medium, such as a wire, radio wave, or light beam.

Front 2

TCP/IP

Back 2

Internet Protocol Suite. Provides the basic of the global Internet, and forms an important part of the study of computer networking.

Front 3

Internet

Back 3

The Internet is formed by interconnecting multiple packet switching networks. Internetworking is substaintially more powerful than a single networking technology because the approach permits new technologies to be incorporated at any time without requiring the replacement of old technologies.

Front 4

Public Network

Back 4

A public network is owned by a service provider, and offers service to any individual or organization that pays the subscription fee. Data transferred across a public network is not revealed to outsiders.

Front 5

Private Network

Back 5

A network is said to be private if use of the network is restricted to one group. A private network can include circuits leased from a provider. A private network can serve an individual consumer, a small office, a small-to-medium business, or a large enterprise.

Front 6

interoperability

Back 6

refers to the ability of two entities to communicate, and say that if two entities can communicate without any misunderstandings, they interoperate correctly.

Front 7

Communication protocol, network protocol, or protocol

Back 7

A communicaiton protocol specifies the details for one aspect of computer communication, including actions to be taken when erros or unexpected situations arise. A given protocol can specify low-level details, such as the voltage and signals to be used, or high-level items such as the format of messages that application programs exchange.

Front 8

Layering Model

Back 8

A layering model describes how all aspects of a communication problem can be partitioned into pieces that work together. Each piece is known as a layer; the terminology arises because protocls in a suite are organized into a linear sequence. Dividing protocols into layers help both protocol designers and implementors manage the complexity by allowing them to concentrate on one aspect of communication at a given time.

Front 9

TCP/IP Layering Model

Back 9

Layer 1: Physical, Layer 2: Network Interface, Layer 3: Internet, Layer 4:Transport, Layer 5: Application

Front 10

Layer 1: Physical

Back 10

Specify details about the underlying transmission medium and the associated hardware.

Front 11

Layer 2: Network Interface

Back 11

Specify details about communiation between higher layers of protocols, which are usually implemented in software, and the underlying network, which is implemented in hardware.

Front 12

Layer 3: Internet

Back 12

Specify communication between two computers across the Internet.

Front 13

Layer 4: Transport

Back 13

provide for communication from an application program on one computer to an application program on another. Specifications that control the maximum rate a reciever can accept data, mechanisms to avoid network congestion, and techiniques to insure that all data is received in the correct order belong in layer 4.

Front 14

Layer 5: Application

Back 14

Specify how a pair of applications interact when they communicate.

Front 15

Header

Back 15

Additional information added by a protocol. Headers are added by protocol software as the data passes down through the layers on the sending computer.

Front 16

ARPA

Back 16

Advanced Research Projeeccts Agency is an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense.

Front 17

Why was there a shift in Internet availability?

Back 17

The Availability of high-speed computation and communication technologies shifted the focus of the Internet from resource sharing general-purpose communications.