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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A meniscus tear occurs with _ injury. It can also (particularly in elderly) occur from _ or _
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twisting injuries
Standing up from a chair or just walkin |
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The _ of patient matters for deciding on the type of treatment
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age of patient (young -> surgery, old -> pain meds)
IN ELDERLY, MENISCUS TEAR MAY BE LESS IMPORTANT THAN HOW MUCH JOINT CARTILAGE IS LEFT) |
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What are the different types of meniscus tears?
Which type doesn't heal because it keeps tearing? |
Oblique, Longitudinal, Radial, Degenerative fraying
Radial so you REMOVE edges of meniscus to avoid degenerative arthritis |
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How do you treat a longitudinal meniscus tear?
How do you treat oblique? |
Suture
remove tear otherwise tear can flip in and out of joint |
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What are sympyoms of meniscal tears?
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Locking, catching, popping, pain on medial/lateral side with twisting or squatting
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What is the unhappy triad?
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medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); commonly injured together
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How is the MCL torn? What are the grades of an MCL tear?
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valgus (abduction) stress
Grade 1 : valguss stress 5 mm --> use crutches or brace with a hinged knee brace Grade 2: 10 mm, use crutches or brace Grade 3: > 15 mm --> brace if isolated, surgery if other injuries |
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An LCL or PLC injury occurs in what position?
What are the grades |
full extension and thirty degrees of flexion
1-3: 5, 10, 15 mm. treat with WBAT brace, limit WB brace, and surgery |
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ACL injuries occur from
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valgus stress on knee, as well as twisting or hyperextension force
This is commonly a non contact (pivoting) |
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What is segond sign?
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small avulsions of lateral tibial condyle just below the joint line (avulasion off lateral tibial plateau)
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Neglect of ACL injuries lead to _
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premature degenerative arthritis
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How do you treat athletic ACL injuries?
What about the weekend warrior? |
fix with surgery (for both)
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The _ test is very sensitive to detect ACL injuries
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Lachman
This is great for acute injuries, and is the easiest to do but the patients may not like it very much. You hold the femur and translate the tibia |
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An MRI is helpful in the diagnosis of ACL injuries beacuse of the _ sign
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empty notch???
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90% of knee surgeries are done _
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arthroscopically
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PCL injuries occur from _
Most PCL injuries are managed _ |
hyperextension
conservatively, with a brace and PT |
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Why are some reasons you would perform surgery on the knee?
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Why live with the pain?
Prevent Arthritis Increasing size of tear |
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Locking and popping are symptoms of what type of injury?
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Meniscus
These typically occur with twisting injuries or femur trauma |
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A _ is the best imaging study for meniscus injuries, and _ is the gold standard for diagnosis
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MRI
Arthrocopy |
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What does RICE stand for and when is it used?
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Rest, Ice, Compression, elevation
This is conservative treatment for knee injuries |
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Typically _ meniscus injuries do well without surgery while _ needs to be repaired.
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Lateral
Medial |
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MCL tears are usually a _ stress
ACL tears occur from a _ stress PCL tears are caused by _ |
Valgus (abduction)
Valgus (as well as rotational or hyperextension) Hyperextension |
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Usually if you injur the LCL you also injure the _
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posterior lateral complex
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avulsion of the lateral tibia seen on x-ray:
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Segond sign
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Cartilage injuries can be caused by _. They present with _
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squatting.
Pain and Swelling |
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What is frequently injured during knee dislocations and should not be missed?
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popliteal artery
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