Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Main jobs of browser
|
1. Access the web (converse with server)
2. Show the web page |
|
|
The web has become the dominant method for interacting with....?
|
sever-based computerized systems.
|
|
|
Def: Protocol
|
the rules for encoding the web documents and the rules for how the client and the server software interact with each other.
|
|
|
Def: Web Client
|
The computer a user uses or the software that is used to access the web.
|
|
|
Main goal of web client software (web browser)
|
request and recieve web pages from servers and then display them
|
|
|
2 main ty[es of programs that browsers need to handle
|
Scripts and Applets
|
|
|
Applets
|
- written in Java
- take control of a portion of the page - can use flewible graphical primitives |
|
|
Scripts
|
- written in Java Script
- weaker graphical abilities - can only control appearance and placement of page elements - more extensively integrated with browser - more user interaction capabilities |
|
|
hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
|
rules for ineraction between browser and server
-describes the types of messages the server and client can send to each other - meanings of the various fields in those messages - order messages are sent - way to handle various error messages |
|
|
Meaning behind: HTTP is a request-reply protocol
|
browser requests a document from the server which then sends a reply.
|
|
|
Why is HTTP considered a stateless protocol?
|
Each HTTP request/responce is handled independently. This makes it easier to built fast and reliable servers.
|
|
|
Use of Uniform Resource Locators (URL)
|
used to reference web documents or other resources.
|
|
|
http://www.wisc.edu/classes/fall07.html
1.http:// 2.www.wisc.edu 3.classes 4.fall07.html |
1. protocol
2. server 3. directory 4. file name |
|
|
Mode of operation for a web server with a static page
|
- waits for connections from web clients
- locates corresponding document on its file system and send it to browser - |
|
|
Mode of operation for a web server with a dynamic page
|
- waits for connections from web clients and for each request
- server executes programs provided by web site then fills parts of the page with info from the database. |
|
|
Dynamic web pages can...?
|
- be used to personalize web pages based on user preference
- act as interfaces for databases - implement new services - provide new solution for services normally requiring desktop applications |
|
|
Uses for HTML
|
- language used for encoding web pages
- text-based format - uses tags to convey information about structure and formatting of the page |
|
|
Organization responsible for defining the HTML standard
|
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
|
|
|
XML focuses on the ____ not on the _____ like HTML does
|
data; presentation
|
|
|
Open-close tags can be ____
|
nested but cannot overlap
|
|
|
Def: Relative URLS
|
partial URLS; redirects to a different page under the same server
|
|
|
Def: Absolute URLS
|
full address of web site
|
|
|
<h1></h1>
|
level one heading
|
|
|
XHTML document must start with what?
|
DOCTYPE declaration which identifies the version of the standard the document follows. This line allows the browser to interpret the document correctly if different versions of the standard prescribe different interpretations for a given element.
|
|
|
<head></head>
|
Elements that don't need to be rendered inside the window
|
|
|
<body></body>
|
Elements that do need to be rendered inside the window.
|
|
|
<br/>
|
Line break
|
|
|
<p></p>
|
Paragraph
|
|
|
<pre></pre>
|
preformatted text; browser respects new lines and tabs that are part of such text
|
|
|
<em></em>
|
emphasis
|
|
|
<code></code>
|
program code
|
|
|
<tt></tt>
|
monospace font
|
|
|
<sub></sub>
|
subscript
|
|
|
<sup></sup>
|
superscript
|
|
|
<ul></ul>
|
bulleted lists; unordered lists
|
|
|
<ol></ol>
|
numbered lists; ordered lists
|
|
|
<li></li>
|
listed items
|
|
|
</id>
|
specifies a name to a certain part in the text that elsewhere in the page can link to
|
|
|
<select></select>
|
generates a dropdown list the user can select an option
|
|
|
<options></options>
|
can choose multiple choices from the list
|
|
|
Use of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
|
hold presentation information seperately from the HTML document
|
|
|
Why use CSS?
|
- easier to change look and feel
- possible to view web pages with different media - different people can work on different aspects of the site |
|
|
Def: selectors
|
define which HTML elements the rule applys to
|
|
|
Def: declarations
|
lists CSS attributes and their values
|
|
|
3 ways to add style sheets to web page
|
1. add </link> tag linking to style sheet in document
2. <style></style> specifies roles directly in document (not good for information that applys to more than one page) 3. HTML attribute 'style' which can occur in body of document (good for testing, shouldn't be in final pages because it doesn't separate content and style) |
|
|
<tr></tr>
|
tag used to define rows within the table
|
|
|
<td></td>
|
tag is used to define cells of the table
|
|
|
Def: light
|
electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength is within a certain range
|
|
|
Def: ambient light
|
a mix that contains photons with various wavelengths from the visible spectrum
|
|
|
White
|
reflects all wavelengths
|
|
|
Black
|
absorbs all wavelengths
|
|
|
<span></span>
|
Used to change a part of a text within a paragraph (i.e. italicizing a word or sentence)
|
|
|
Which three monochromatic wavelength does the computer display a mix of?
|
Red, Green, and Blue
|
|
|
Two important forms of digital images
|
1. Seguence of bytes in a file
2. Display on the screen: Rectangular matric of pixels |
|
|
Def: Transmission Control protocol (TCP)
|
reliable connection oriented service supported by the Internet
|
|
|
GET command
|
used for getting documents fro mthe serber and it is followed by header lines followed by two new lines
|
|
|
User-Agent line
|
tells the server about the specific implementation of the client. Also allows the server to track what browsers are popular among the people interested in the site.
|
|
|
Referer line
|
an important source of information about how the side is used as it hold the URL of the document from which the user arrived to the document being requested
|
|
|
POST command
|
used for sending dad that will result in a change at the server
|
