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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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U/A results in UTI?
How can you tell if sample contaminated? |
Leuk est +ve, Nitrite +ve
WBC & Bacteria in sample If epithelials then contaminated |
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Retroperitoneal structures
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Kidney/AG
Aorta/IVC Pancreas Most of duodenum |
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What are ways to decrease post op fever from atelectasis?
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Stop smoking before surgery
Post op ambulation,incentive spirometry, minimal narcotics. |
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Pseudogout
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Usually presents as a tender and swollen knee. Arthrocentesis will show +ve birefringent calcium pyrophosphate crystals that are rhomboid shaped. Makes articular cartilage speckle on x-ray and widens the koint space
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Fibromyalgia
S/S Tx |
Neck and trap/shoulder/low back pain in someone who is under alot of stress.
NSAID, Rest, Anti-depressants |
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Pro thrombotic conditions(4)
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1) Factor 5 leiden def(multiple DVT & PE)
2) Protein C&S deficiency 3) Anti-thrombin 3 def 4) Lupus procagulant(high PTT and alot of miscarriages) |
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Carcinoid tumor
S/S |
Excess serotonin so have:
-Flushing -Diarrhea -High urine 5-OH indolenic acid -Fibrosis of R heart valve |
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Basal Cell Cx
RF What it looks like Tx |
UV
Pearly, umbilicated w/ tealangiectasias Excisional biopsy |
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Mouth & throat cancer
RF Type of cancer |
ETOH & All tobacco. Pre cancer is erythroplakia which is seen as velvety red lesions. Cancer type is squanous cell cx.
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Hairy cell leukoplakia
Culprit SS |
white plaque seen on lateral side of tongue in HIV patient from EBV. Not malignant.
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Tumor Markers
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Liver/Testicle: AFP
Pancreas: CA 19-9 Prostate: PSA or Acid phosphatase if extends out of capsule Ovary: CA-125 Breast: CA 15-3 & 27-29 Mole/chorio: B-Hcg GI(colon/bowel): CEA |
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Prick on rose w/ rash and axillary lymphadenopathy./
-Culprit -Tx |
Sporothrix scheneckki fungi
KI |
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Myasthenia gravis
SS Dx Tx |
Anti Ach receptor Ab cause vision problems(diplopia & ptosis) with progressive weakness.
Dx: Tensilon/erdophonium Tx: pyridostigmine ***All get thymectomy to prevent future thymoma*** |
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Goodpasture
SS Pathophys Dx Tx |
Young man with dyspnea,hemoptysis & renal failure. Anti-glomerular BM Ab mediated (type II HS).
Dx: Biopsy kidney/lung and find linear pattern IgM/IgG/C3 on immunoflourescence. Tx: Cyclosporine & steroids. |
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Pemphigus
SS Dx Tx |
Bullae in the mouth and then moves to body(Type II HS rxn). Biopsy shows lacelike or fishnet pattern.
Tx: corticosteroids |
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COPD Pneumonia
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Gram -ve cocobacilli(H.influenzae & M.Cattharalis)
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PDA Drugs
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Protaglandin to keep it open
Indomethacin(NSAID) to close |
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Diastolic Dysfunction Tx
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Ventricle needs time to fill so slow it down with B-blockers and Ca blockers
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VSD at birth Tx
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Just observe b/c many will close by themselves. Otherwise do surgery if they get symptomatic
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When to do ORIF
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If skin breaks and give Abx also. if skin closed do CR.
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Mitral Stenosis
Causes Sound |
Secondary to
-Rheumatic heart disease -Atrial myxoma(echo to dx) -Opening snap w/ diastolic rumble at apex. -Increases pressure to all structures behind it |
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Mitral Regrgitation
Causes Sound |
Rheumatic heart disease or ruptured papillary/chordae tendinae
Systolic murmur that radiates to axilla |
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Aortic stenosis
Causes Sound Tx |
Systolic murmur w/ decreased carotid upstroke & soft S2.
Will lead to LVH(S4) causing angina and syncope |
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Aortic regurgitation
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Diastolic blow murmur
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Causes of pancreatitis
Tx |
ETOH
Stones Trauma Hypercalcemia Steroids NPO-Fluids-NG tube-Meperidine **No Abx** |
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Lead time Bias
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Maybe outcome is not due to Tx but due to screening b/c it catches the disease sooner
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Confounding Variables
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Other factors not considered that may have affected the outcome
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Non-Response Bias
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People who do not respond in a telephone survey
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Recall Bias
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In a retrospective study people do not recall events well
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Unacceptability Bias
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People do not admit to their ways b/c embarassed("yes i exercised and ate low fat all month!")
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Interviewer Bias
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Knows who is placebo and who is drug group
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MMR CI
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A live vaccine that is not ok for:
Pregnant(Rubella is TORCH) Immunocompromised(AIDS ok) Egg Allergy Neomyacin allergy |
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Influenza A vaccine
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Give annually
-adults >50 - <50 w/ chronic disease - Kids w/ on ASA tx to prevent Reye |
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Pneumococcal vaccine
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All newborns and those w/ increased risk of encapsulated infections
-Nephrotic syn/Renal failure -Asplenia -Sickle cell -IC -Adults>65 |
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When to give Tetanus Booster
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Give booster every 10 years or after wound/burn injury
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HIV
-how long till you see symptoms -Initial symptoms look like? |
Symptoms seen in 1-3mo after body make anti-HIV Ab
Initial symptoms like EBV mono |
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Tinea Versicolor
SS Tx |
White patches and tx is Selenium sulfide
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ACNE Tx
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First peroxide & salicyclic acid
Then clinda & tetracycline Finally isotretinoin(teratogen & liver disease) |
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RDS
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Premie w/o enough surfactant and see ground glass infiltrates x-ray.
-Prevent w/ steroids in utero and give surfactant after birth. -May get BPD |
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Dysphagia DDX
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Achalasia
-Liquid & solid w/ chest pain -High LES pressure on mannometry w/ abnormal peristalsis in entire esophogus -bird beak appearance on barium w/ dilated esophogus proximal. SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS -Liquid & Solid w/ reflux -Lowered esophogeal sphincter pressure and poor peristalsis at lower 2/3 of distal esophogus. |
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AIDS esophogitis or mouth conditions.
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Candida: Oral & esophogeal thrush(tx: fluconazole)
EBV: Hairy leukoplakia white plaque on lateral tongue. CMV-Herpes esophagitis: Pain on swallowing. |
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Normal values of BUN/CR?
Primary causes of CRF? Electolytes changes in CRF? Supplements to give in CRF? |
BUN= 5-25
CR= .6-1.2 ARF progression, DM, HTN, PCKD -High K+,Mg+,PO4+,BUN/CR -Low EPO(anemic), Ca+ -Metabolic acidosis -Give Ca carbonate to bind PO4 and elevate calcium. -Lower K+ in the diet -Water soluble viamins |
