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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes
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behaviorism
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most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not (2)
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behaviorism
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an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
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case study
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psychologist who studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
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clinical psychologist
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the group that is NOT exposed to the treatment
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control group
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a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
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correlation
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psychologist who assists people with problems in living (school, work, marriage) and in achieving greater well-being
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counseling psychologist
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the outcome factor
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dependent variable
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the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
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dependent variable
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a psychologist who studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
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developmental psychologist
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psychologist who studies the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection
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evolutionary psychologist
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an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process
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experiment
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emphasizes the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth
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humanistic theory
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a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
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hypothesis
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the experimental factor that is manipulated
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independent variable
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the ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate
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informed consent
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observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and the control the situation
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naturalistic observation
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those involved in an experiment
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participants
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psychologist who studies an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
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personality psychologist
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experimental results caused by expectation alone
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placebo
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any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes in an active agent
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placebo
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all the cases in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn
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population
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a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
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random sample
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assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
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random assignment
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a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behavior of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group
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survey
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