Crt Review

Front 1

Tracheal Deviation:

Pulled toward abnormal side.

Back 1

1) atelectasis
2) pul. fibrosis
3) pneumonectomy
4) diaphragmatic paralysis

Front 2

Tracheal Deviation:

Pulled toward normal side.

Back 2

1) pleural effusion(MOST COMMON)
2) tension pneumothorax
3) neck or thryroid tumors
4) large mediastinal mass

Front 3

Percussion:

Resonance

Back 3

normal

Front 4

Percussion:

Flatness

Back 4

atelectasis

over sternum
full sound

Front 5

Percussion:

Dullness

Back 5

pleural effusion

over fluid-filled organs
thudding sound

Front 6

Percussion:

Tympany

Back 6

COPD

over air-filled organs
drum-like sound

Front 7

Percussion:

Hyperresonance

Back 7

pneumothorax / emphysema

over areas of above pathologies
booming sound

Front 8

Auscultation:

Bilateral vesicular
Bronchial Breath sounds

Back 8

normal over the trachea/bronchi
abnormal over lung periphery - indicates consolidation=pneumonia
Tx: antibiotics

Front 9

Auscultation: Rales

1)Coarse
2)Medium
3)Fine

Back 9

1)large airways - Sx
2)medium airways - CPT
3)alveoli/fluid/CHF/Pul.Edema - bronchoscopy,IPPB,IS,Diuretics,
Digitalis

Front 10

Auscultation: Wheeze

1)Lateral
2)Unilateral

Back 10

1) bronchospasm - bronchodilator
2) foreign body obs. - bronchoscopy/Sx

Front 11

Auscultation: Stridor

1)supraglottic
2)subglottic
3)Foreign Body Obs.

Back 11

1)epiglotitis/sever swelling - Intubate
2)croup/post extubation - racemic epi/humidity
3) solids/fluid -bronchoscopy/sx

Front 12

Auscultation: Pleural Rub

Back 12

-inflammed visceral/parietal pleura
-pleurisy,TB,pneumonia,pul.infarction,cancer
-Tx: steroids/antibiotics

Front 13

Heart sounds:

S1

Back 13

First sound (normal)

closure of mitral/tricuspid

Front 14

Heart sounds:

S2

Back 14

Second sound (normal)

closure of pulmonic/aortic valve

Front 15

Heart sounds

S3
S4

Back 15

abnormal

1) CHF
2) mycocardial infarction /cardiomegaly

Front 16

4 Critical Life Functions

Back 16

1) Ventilation - open airway
2) Oxygenation - increase FiO2
3) Circulation - Chest comp
4) Perfusion - increase BP

Front 17

Normal Urine Output

Back 17

40 cc/hr

Front 18

Orthopnea

Back 18

CHF, heart problem
Tx: diuretics

Difficulty breathing except in an upright position.

Front 19

General Malaise

Back 19

Electrolyte Imbalance

Run down feeling, nausea, weakness, fatigue, headache

Front 20

When are costophrenic angles obliterated?

Back 20

pleural effusions

Front 21

When is the diaphragm flattened?

Back 21

COPD

Front 22

Lateral decubitus

Back 22

Pt lying on the affected side.

Valuable for detecting PLEURAL EFFUSION

Front 23

Radiolucent

Back 23

Air
Dark pattern
normal lungs

Front 24

Radiodense

Back 24

Solid / Fluids
White pattern
normal bones/organs

Front 25

Infiltrate

Back 25

Ill defined radiodensity

Atelectasis
Tx: IPPB/IS

Front 26

Consolidation

Back 26

Solid white area

Pneumonia / Pleural Effusion
TX: Lasix

Front 27

Hyperlucency

Back 27

Extra air

COPD, Asthma attack,
pneumothorax
Tx: Lasix

Front 28

Vascular markings

Back 28

lymphatics, vessels, lung tissue

increase presence = CHF
absence = pneumothorax

Front 29

Diffuse

Back 29

spread thru-out

Atelectasis/pneumonia

Front 30

Opaque

Back 30

fluid/solid

Front 31

Fluffy infiltrates

Back 31

Diffuse whiteness

Pulmonary Edema

Front 32

Butterfly pattern

Back 32

Infiltrate in shape of butterfly/batwing

Pulmonary Edema

Front 33

Patchy Infiltrates

Back 33

Scattered densities

Atelectasis

Front 34

Platelike Infiltrates

Back 34

Thin-layered densities

Atelectasis

Front 35

Ground Glass Appearance

Back 35

reticulogranular

ARDS / IRDS
Tx: surfactant, PLS ventilation

Front 36

Honeycomb Pattern

Back 36

reticulonodular

ARDS / IRDS

Front 37

Airbronchogram

Back 37

Pneumonia

Front 38

Peripheral Wedge-shaped Infiltrate

Back 38

Pulmonary Embolus

Front 39

Concave Superior Interface/border

Back 39

Pleural Effusion

Front 40

Basilar Infiltrates with Meniscus

Back 40

Pleural Effusion

Front 41

Main indication for Bronchography

Back 41

Bronchiectasis

Front 42

V/Q Scan: Results indicate normal ventilation scan but abnormal perfusion scan

Back 42

Pulmonary Emboli

Front 43

Indication for Electroencephalography

Back 43

evaluation of sleep disorders

Front 44

ICP: normal value

When to initiate tx?

Back 44

5-10 mmHg
>20 mmHg
Tx: increase RR, blow off CO2 to cause vasoconstriction. Mannitol=diuretic gets fluid out of brain.

Front 45

Indication for Ultrasonography of the Heart (Echocardiogram)

Back 45

Noninvasive method for monitoring cardiac performance (on newborns)

Front 46

RBC:
1)Normal value?
2)What does it carry?
3)Significance of Low?
4)Significance of High?

Back 46

1)4-6 mill/cu mm
2)O2/hgb
3)anemia
4)polycythemia, presence of Chronic hypoxemia/COPD

Front 47

Hb:
1)Normal value?
2)What does it carry?
3)Significance of Low?
4)Significance of High?

Back 47

1)12-16 gm/100 ml
2)O2
3)anemia
4)polycythemia

Front 48

Hct:
1)Normal value?
2)Significance of Low?
3)Significance of High?

Back 48

1)40-50%
2)anemia
3)polycythemia

Front 49

WBC:
1)Normal value?
2)Significance of Low?
3)Significance of High?

Back 49

1)5,000 - 10,000 per cu mm
2)Viral infection (leukopenia)
3)Bacterial infection (leukocytosis)

Front 50

K+
1)Normal Values?
2)Significance of Low?
3)Significance of High?

Back 50

1)(4.0) 3.5-5.0
2)hypokalemia: metabolic alkalosis, excessive excretion,renal loss, vomiting. [FLATTENED T-WAVE]
3)hyperkalemia: metabolic acidosis, kidney failure. [SPIKED T-WAVE]