Crj 202 Ch 4 Becoming An Ethical Professional

Front 1

deterministic

Back 1

biology
psychology
sociology
criminology

Front 2

free will/agency

Back 2

religion
philosophy

Front 3

theories of moral development

Back 3

biological factors
learning theories
developmental theories

Front 4

frontal lobe damage

Back 4

May result in -
increased impulsiveness
decreased attention span
difficulty in logical reasoning & following instructions
antisocial behavior

Front 5

cortical limbic network

Back 5

structured event knowledge
social perceptual & functional features
*Disruptions in the network can limit the ability to repsond to ethical dilemmas.

Front 6

BIOLOGICAL FACTORS

Back 6

Behavior depends on an individual’s
biological predispositions.

Front 7

LEARNING THEORIES

Back 7

Behavior depends on the rewards an
individual has received.

Front 8

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES

Back 8

Behavior depends on an individual’s
intellectual and emotional stage of development,
which in turn depends on their environment.

Front 9

Sex Differences (?)

Back 9

Inherited Trait
Men’s brains function differently than women’s.
1. Statistically, men are more likely to be antisocial,
2. to have serious childhood conduct disorders,
3. and to commit serious offenses.
<<Biological or Cultural???

Front 10

Socio-biology

Back 10

1. Certain traits support the survival of the species.
2. Moral “senses”: sympathy, fairness, self-control, and duty
3. Individual inheritance or group selection (evolution).
4. Morality seems to lie in the inferior parietal lobe (rationality) but also in the “emotion” center of the brain (amygdala)

Front 11

Learning Theories

Back 11

Premise
All human behavior is learned; therefore, ethics is a function of learning rather than reasoning.

Front 12

Modeling

Back 12

1. Imitating the behaviors of others. (Monkey see, monkey do.)
2. Parents and other adults provide role models for children via their behaviors.

Front 13

Reinforcement

Back 13

1. Behavior that earns reward is likely to be repeated. (Monkey likes the banana.)
2. After enough reinforcement, the behavior is more likely to become permanent.
3. The individual develops values consistent with the behavior -> cognitive dissonance

Front 14

Bandura
"Selective Disengagement"
Moral Restructuring

Back 14

Moral justicification
Euphemistic labeling
Advantageous comparison
Displacement of responsibility
Diffusion of responsibility
Distortion of the consequences
Dehumanization

Front 15

Moral justification

Back 15

Appeal to a higher end
Ex. terrorists who are fighting for a cause

Front 16

Euphemistic labeling

Back 16

Downplaying the seriousness of actions
Ex. "collateral damage"

Front 17

Advantageous comparison

Back 17

Act isn't as bad as some others.
Ex. "What was done at Abu Ghraib wasn't as bad as what the insurgents did who cut off the heads of civilian contractors."

Front 18

Displacement of responsiblity

Back 18

Denies culpability.
Ex. Nazi who says, "I was only following orders."

Front 19

Diffusion of responsibility

Back 19

Ex. Mob behavior and actions

Front 20

Distortion of the consequences

Back 20

Misidentifying the consequences of one's actions
Ex. The CEO who gives the order to pollute merely requests that the problem "be taken care of"

Front 21

Dehumanization

Back 21

Process of stripping the victim of any qualities of similarity that may create sympathy
Ex. The use of terms such gooks, slant-eyes, pigs, wetbacks

Front 22

Developmental Theories

Back 22

Moral developement, like physical development, occurs in stages.