Crj 201 Week 5 Assignment Changes In Criminal Justice

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Law - General Law The Criminal Justice System . The criminal justice system is made up of three main branches, including law enforcement, the judiciary, and corrections. The system as a whole can be viewed and analyzed from different perspectives and considered in terms of different outcomes. After completing this week’s required reading, provide your own definition for the criminal justice system. What is the purpose of the criminal justice system? Provide definitions for each of the three main branches: law enforcement, the judiciary, and corrections. What role does each branch fulfill? How do the branches work together? Social and Criminal Justice . We usually look at criminal justice as a system, an idea, or a philosophy . Three of the major ideas that express the idea of social justice include equality, solidarity, and human rights. Explain how equality, solidarity, and human rights are examples of social justice. Identify and discuss a social justice issue in contemporary society (within the last two years) that specifically relates to equality, solidarity, or human rights. Make sure to cite a periodical that covers this issue. Law Enforcement: Patrol, Rapid Response, and Investigation . The three primary tactics that police employ to enforce the law are patrol, rapid response, and investigation. Define patrol, rapid response, and investigation. Which tactic is the most successful at maximizing arrests and reducing crime? Explain your answer. Law Enforcement: Federal, State, and Local Policing . Law enforcement agencies exist on federal, state, and local levels. What is jurisdiction? Describe the difference between federal and local police jurisdiction. a. Students whose last names begin with the letters A – I: Describe the history of federal policing in the United States. Provide examples of federal policing agencies. How are federal policing agencies used to enforce the law? b. Students whose last names begin with the letters J – R: Describe the history of state policing in the United States. Provide examples of state policing. How is state policing used to enforce the law? c. Students whose last names begin with the letters S – Z: Describe the difference between township (village) police, city police, and county police (sheriff’s office). Are their jurisdictions always distinct? How is local policing used to enforce the law? Law Enforcement: Data Driven Policing . Define evidence-based practices. a. Students whose names begin with the letters A – D: Research and explain the partnership between New York City and Microsoft Corporation to develop the Domain Awareness System (DAS). Will systems like DAS be able to reduce crime? If so, how? b. Students whose names begin with the letters E –H: Research and explain the Minneapolis Preventative Patrol program. Will programs like the Minneapolis Preventative Patrol program be able to reduce crime? If so, how? c. Students whose names begin with the letters I – L: Research and explain the Hot Spots Policing program in Lowell, Massachusetts. Will programs like “Hot Spots” be able to reduce crime? If so, how? d. Students whose names begin with the letters M – P: Research and explain the Cincinnati Violence Reduction Project. Will programs like the Cincinnati Violence Reduction Project be able to reduce crime? If so, how? e. Students whose names begin with the letters Q – S: Research and explain the Operation Ceasefire in Boston. Will programs like Operation Ceasefire be able to reduce crime? If so, how? f. Students whose names begin with the letters T – V: Research and explain Operation Cul-de-Sac in Los Angeles. Will programs like Operation Cul-de-Sac be able to reduce crime? If so, how? Constitutional Policing . Police must obey the law in their effort to control crime. Legal restrictions may hurt the efficiency of police but by obeying the law, police gain social legitimacy. When a police officer violates the law, they jeopardize the rights of the accused and the rights of the innocent. The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution states: “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable search and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things seized.” Read Weeks v. United States, Silverthorne Lumber Company, Inc., Et Al. v. United States, and Mapp v. Ohio . For each court case, answer the following questions: a. What is the main issue or question involved in the case? b. What precedent or laws did the court use in order to come to its ultimate conclusion? c. How did the court apply the law to the facts of this case? d. What is the conclusion? Restate the issue to provide the final answer. How have these three cases formed the standards of constitutional searches and seizures in the United States? The paper must be three to four pages in length and formatted according to APA style. You must use at least two scholarly resources from the Ashford Online Library, other than the textbook, to support your claims. Cite your sources within the text of your paper and on the reference page. For information regarding APA, including The Judiciary: Structure and Jurisdiction . There are 51 separate court systems in the United States. The federal government operates one court system, the federal courts; and each of the 50 states operates a court system, the state courts. The federal court and all of the state courts have three main levels: trial courts, appeals courts, and supreme courts. Define trial courts, appeals courts, and supreme courts. a. Students whose names begin with the letters A – I: Explain the main responsibilities of state trial courts. What is the purpose of state trial courts? How are state trial courts related to and different from state appeals courts and state supreme courts? b. Students whose names begin with the letters J – R: Explain the main responsibilities of state appeals courts. What is the purpose of state appeals courts? How are state appeals courts different from state trial courts and state supreme courts? c. Students whose names begin with the letters S – Z: Explain the main responsibilities of state supreme courts. What is the purpose of state supreme courts? How are state supreme courts different from state trial courts and state appeals courts? The Judiciary: Pretrial, Bail, Plea Bargaining, and Trial . The judiciary is an important part of the criminal justice system. After police arrest an individual, an extensive chain of events is set off in the American court system. a. Students whose names begin with the letters A – E: Explain the booking procedure to your classmates. How does it work and who is involved? b. Students whose names begin with the letters F – J: Explain preliminary hearings to your classmates. How do they work and who is involved in the process? c. Students whose names begin with the letters K – O: Explain what a grand jury is to your classmates. How does a grand jury work and who is involved in the process? d. Students whose names begin with the letters P – T: Explain what arraignment is to your classmates. How does an arraignment work and who is involved in the process? e. Students whose names begin with the letters U – Z: Explain plea bargaining. How does plea bargaining work and who is involved in the process? Only a handful of cases result in a jury trial. Outline the steps involved in a criminal trial. Why do so few cases end up going to trial? Final Paper Preparation . To prepare for your Final Paper (due in Week Five), complete the following assignment and submit it to your instructor for feedback. Your paper should include an outline, with a thesis statement, and an annotated bibliography. Outline: Provide an outline for your Final Paper based on the instructions provided in Week Five. a. Title Page b. Introduction c. Part 1: Thesis d. Part 2: Body e. Part 3: Conclusion f. Reference Page Annotated Bibliography: The purpose of creating a list of sources is to assist you in organizing and evaluating your research. The listed sources should be scholarly ones, and at least three of them need to come from the Ebrary, JSTOR, Project MUSE, ProQuest, or EBSCOhost Academic Search Premier databases, which are all available through the Ashford University Library. The list should include the following information for each source (minimum of five): a. Name of the source, including the complete bibliographic citation in proper APA format. b. Summary of the source (at least one paragraph), including how this source will contribute to your paper. APA Reference Page: For this paper, you need to research primary and secondary sources that correspond to your topic. Secondary sources must be accessed from peer-reviewed journals or other sources that are considered to have reliable information. Primary sources should be those that are linked in the course. Please visit the Academic Research section on your Course Home page (accessible through the Student Responsibilities and Policies tab on the left navigation toolbar) to review what types of materials are not acceptable for academic, university level research. You must use at least five scholarly resources (at least three of which can be found in the Ashford Online Library) other than the textbook to support your claims. Cite your sources within the text of your paper and on the reference page. For information regarding APA, including samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing Center, located within the Learning Resources tab on the left navigation toolbar, in your online course. Corrections: The Philosophy of Criminal Sanctions . There are four main philosophies behind criminal sanctions: retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. a. Students whose names begin with the letters A – E: Define retribution. What is the history behind the use of retribution? What is the philosophy behind the use of retribution as a criminal sanction? b. Students whose names begin with the letters F – J: Define deterrence. What is the history behind the use of deterrence? What is the philosophy behind the use of retribution as a criminal sanction? c. Students whose names begin with the letters K – O: Define incapacitation. What is the history behind the use of incapacitation? What is the philosophy behind the use of incapacitation? d. Students whose names begin with the letters P – Z: Define rehabilitation. What is the history behind the use of rehabilitation? What is the philosophy behind the use of rehabilitation? What do you think is the best criminal sanction philosophy? Why? Make sure to substantiate your reasons with cited facts. Peer Review . Post your Final Paper Preparation assignment from Week Three. Then, respond to one peer of your choice and another who has the fewest responses. When evaluating your peer’s work, check to see if their outline addresses all the content and research criteria of the final paper grading rubric. Principles of Effective Intervention . There are four general principles of effective intervention that have become organizing concepts of community corrections. They have stimulated what has become known as the “what works” movement. Write a paper outlining the four general principles of the “what works” movement. Thesis: Your thesis (which is part of your first paragraph) should, at the very least, list the four principles of the effective intervention. Body: The body of your paper (your entire paper excluding the thesis and conclusion) should, at the very least, give a thoughtful analysis of the four general principles of effective intervention in a sequential order. Explain what the principles mean. Look for examples. Determine if the principles are effective. Explain why the principles either are, or are not effective. Conclusion: The conclusion (which is part of the last paragraph) should, at the very least, restate the thesis. Juvenile Justice . Most juvenile offenders do not go on to commit crime as adults. Most go on to live productive lives. Please give an overview of the history of the juvenile justice movement. Make sure to reference the progressive movement, the advent of juvenile court, the juvenile rights movement, and other pertinent movements within juvenile justice history. How has the rise of juvenile justice contributed to the welfare of children? Make sure to substantiate your reasons with cited facts. Justice . Justice seeks to make things right. The idea of justice is based on ethics, equality, human rights, religion, and solidarity. John Rawls says that “justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought.” Is justice the first virtue of the criminal justice system? Why or why not? Have your ideas about the concept of justice changed since the beginning of this course? Why? Make sure to substantiate your reasons with cited facts.’ Focus of the Final Paper The purpose of the Final Paper is for students to pick a branch of the criminal justice system and then answer, for the role of a specific professional, the branch of the criminal justice system, and the criminal justice system at large, how they can use the social justice principles of equality, solidarity, and human rights to build a more just society. Example: if the student chooses law enforcement and the issue is profiling citizens to investigate potential crime, the students will research, analyze, and propose how a law enforcement officer, law enforcement agencies, and the criminal justice system at large can each use the social justice principles of equality, solidarity, and human rights to build a more just society. Choose one of the three main branches of the criminal justice system: law enforcement, the judiciary, or corrections. Your paper should address areas I, II, and III in the body of your paper. Part I: a. If you chose law enforcement: Law enforcement professionals must execute justice by upholding the law in an ethical and constitutional manner. Which parts of the Constitution of the United States are most relevant to the ethical standards of law enforcement professionals? How do law enforcement professionals ensure that they uphold the Constitution? How can law enforcement professionals use the social justice principles of equality, solidarity, and human rights to build a more just society? b. If you chose the judiciary: Professionals in the judiciary, including prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges, must execute justice by upholding the law in an ethical manner. Which parts of the Constitution of the United States are most relevant to the ethical standards of professionals in the judiciary? How do professionals in the judiciary uphold the Constitution? How can a professional in the judiciary use the social justice principles of equality, solidarity, and human rights to build a more just society? c. If you chose corrections: Corrections professionals must execute justice by upholding the law in an ethical and constitutional manner. Which parts of the Constitution of the United States are most relevant to the ethical standards of corrections professionals? How do corrections professionals ensure that they uphold the Constitution? How can corrections professionals use the social justice principles of equality, solidarity, and human rights to build a more just society? Part II: a. If you chose law enforcement: Why do people commit crime? How can law enforcement professionals use criminal theory to understand criminal actions? How can this understanding inform their practice? b. If you chose the judiciary: Why do people commit crime? How can professionals in the judiciary use criminal theory to understand criminal actions? How can this understanding inform their practice? c. If you chose corrections: Why do people commit crime? How can corrections professionals use criminal theory to understand criminal actions? How can this understanding inform their practice? Part III: a. If you chose law enforcement: What are three main issues that face law enforcement professionals on a regular basis? What are the best responses to these issues? b. If you chose the judiciary: What are the three main issues that face professionals in the judiciary on a regular basis? What are the best responses to these issues? c. If you chose corrections: What are the three main issues that face corrections professionals on a regular basis? What are the best responses to these issues? The paper must be six to eight pages in length and formatted according to APA style. You must use at least five scholarly resources (at least three of which can be found in the Ashford Online Library) other than the textbook to support your claims. Cite your sources within the text of your paper and on the reference page. For information regarding APA, including samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing Center, located within the Learning Resources tab on the left navigation toolbar, in your online course.

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Gather all the materials you need for a test before the testing time. Make sure you have your calculator, some extra batteries and everything else you need for your exam. Most professors will not lend you equipment; therefore, ensure you have everything before class begins.