Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Critical Thinking
|
Correctly evaluating arguments made by others and composing good arguments of one's own
|
|
|
Argument
|
Attempt to provide reasons for thinking that a belief is true
|
|
|
Conclusion
|
Statement that argument is created to support
|
|
|
Statement
|
Proposition that is either T/F.
|
|
|
Premise indicator words
|
words or phrases that often point to premises
|
|
|
Unstated conclusion
|
Occurs when author does not explicitly state what the conclusion is
|
|
|
Unstated premise
|
When author does not declare premise but it is there
|
|
|
"Linked" argument
|
When the premise of one argument is the conclusion of another argument
|
|
|
Main argument
|
Last argument in a set of linked arguments
|
|
|
Subarguments
|
Arguments used to support premises of other arguments
|
|
|
Unlinked argument
|
Argument in which no premise is the conclusion of another argument in which the conclusion is not a premise in another argument
|
|
|
Audience
|
The individual or group of individuals that the person making the argument wishes to convince that a given conclusion is true
|
|
|
Demonstrated premise
|
Conclusion of a subargument
|
|
|
Deductive argument
|
Claims that the truth of the premises shows
|
|
|
Inductive Argument
|
Argument that truth shows conclusion is likely
|
|
|
Valid
|
Deductive (good form)
|
|
|
Invalid
|
Deductive (Bad Form)
|
|
|
Strong
|
Inductive (Good Form)
|
|
|
Weak
|
Inductive (Bad Form)
|
|
|
Sound
|
Deductive (Good form and true premises)
|
|
|
Cogent
|
Inductive (Good form and true premises)
|
|
|
Independent premise
|
intended to provide support for conclusion when the rest of the argument's premises are removed
|
|
|
Dependent premise
|
Premise intended to provide support for argument's conclusion only when combined with another premise
|
|
|
Counter argument
|
Draw a conclusion opposed to the original argument
|
|
|
Refutation argument
|
argument whose conclusion is either that at least one of the original premises is false or that the original argument has a bad form
|
|
|
Fallacies
|
Bad arguments found so frequently that they have been given a name
|
|
|
Straw Man (easy target) fallacy
|
Someone makes an inaccurate claim about the views held by someone else ... then person argues that the inaccurately described view is false ... finally person asserts that this argument shows that the accurate view is false
|
|
|
Appeal to popularity
|
Occurs when someone argues that a view is true on the grounds that it is popular
|
|
|
Appeal to force
|
Someone attempts to convince another person to change his mind by using the threat of force instead of using reasons
|
|
|
Appeal to novelty or tradition
|
one argues that a statement is true b/w people because of a tradition
|
|
|
Ad Hominem
|
personal attacks
|
|
|
Fallacy of guilt by association
|
when the objectionable feature of a person is that he is associated in some way with some objectionable person, group, or view
|
|
|
Appeal to Ignorance
|
Claim that a statement is ture merely because it has not been shown to be false
|
|
|
Begging the question
|
premise of an argument asserts, usually in a hidden way, the conclusion of the argument
|
|
|
Uses or language
|
descriptive, expressive, directive, interrogative, performative
|
|
|
epuhisms
|
suppress emotional response to a word
|
|
|
loaded question
|
rhetorical questions whose wording assumes the answer
|
|
|
operational definition
|
defines a term by referring to a process used to create, identify, or measure an object
|
|
|
functional definition
|
defines a term by referring to the function of an object
|
|
|
Technical definition
|
definition created by a person or group of people in a particular field
|
