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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Critical Thinking
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Use of cognitive skills to increase the chances of a desired outcome
Purposeful, reasoned, goal directed thought |
What you want
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Fallacy
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Error in the thinking process
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error
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Performance - Competence distinction
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What people can do and what they actually do
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do and can
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Schemata
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Internal representation of knowledge
How we organize what we know |
organization
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Transfer of Training
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teaching of skills that can be
used in multiple contexts |
mutiple
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Metacognition
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knowledge about knowledge
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what we know about what we know
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Taxonomy
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the science or technique of
classification, categorization, or organization |
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Taxonomy of educational objectives
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Bloom’s Cognitive Levels
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levels
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Bloom’s Cognitive Levels
Domain 1 |
Domain 1
Knowledge - define, list, state Comprehension - explain or interpret Application - apply, solve |
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Bloom’s Cognitive Levels
Domain 2 |
Domain 2
Analysis - differentiate, distinguish Synthesis - design, construct Evaluation - evaluate, appraise |
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Cognitive psychology
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specialization in
psychology that studies ‘cognition’ Cognition is a broad term that relates to thinking and thinking processes (includes memory, decision making, perception, problem solving, |
thinking
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Nature of Thought
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Introspection led to formulation of idea that thought was composed of
mental images silent speech |
image and speech
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Wilson & Nisbett (1978)
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Consumer preference study (pantyhose)
People are not very aware of what happens when they think |
pantyhose
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Human Information Processing (IP)
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Analogy between the way the mind operates and
the way a computer operates Both are described in terms of hardware and software features e.g. mind=cpu (hardware) & strategies=programs (software) |
computer
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Thinking aloud protocol
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thought protocol analysis
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figuring out how you think
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Intelligence
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experts don't agree and its based on intelligence tests
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border liners
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Binet-Simon’s first instrument
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Tests little in the way of some higher order thinking skills:
i.e. synthesis and evaluation This test primarily measured memory and language skills with a modicum of application |
30
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The Stanford-Binet
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Used to identify both the gifted and delayed.
too much verbal so minorities scored low |
Border liners
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Wechsler Intelligence scales
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The Wechsler tests provide an overall measure of
IQ composed of verbal ability and performance (nonverbal) ability by including block designs, mazes, puzzles, etc. |
more stuff
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Robert Sternberg
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Emphasizes the importance of practical
intelligence or the ability to live intelligently Thought intelligence was better measured with the use of “nonentrenched” (novel) tasks |
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Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
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1. Metacomponents - used to monitor thought by
continuously planning and evaluating what we are thinking 2. Knowledge acquisition components - ability to get and use information from memory & the environment 3. Performance components - strategies and skills used to enhance thinking |
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good v. poor thinkers
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1. Willingness to plan - checks impulse responding
2. Flexibility - willingness to vary approach 3. Persistence - sticks with it 4. Willingness to self-correct - learns from mistakes 5. Being mindful - metacognitive monitoring of progress toward a goal 6. Consensus seeking - willingness to work toward compromise |
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Framework for Thinking
(Polya, 1945) |
1. What is the goal?
2. What is known? 3. Which thinking skill(s) are needed to reach goal? 4. Have you reached your goal? |
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