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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Created LEAA and LEEP
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Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
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THe process of establishing an accused invividuals ID and formally charging them with a crime
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Booking
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Restricting the freedom of a person by taking them into police custody
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Arrest
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The first ten amendments to the constitution, that garented citizens certain rights
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Bill of Rights
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Declared that it is illegal for buisnesses, hotels, resturants, and public transportation be denyed due to race
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Civil Rights Acts of 1964
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Emphasis is placed on fighting crime and protecting potential victims
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Crime Control Model
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Freedom to exercise liberties guaranteed by the Constitution
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Criminal justice system
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Law must allow reasonable exercise of fredoms so long as those actions do not harm others
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Criminal justice system
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Rules and procedures for protecting individuals accused of crimes from arbitrary and excesive abuse of power by the goverment
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Due process
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A panel of the acussed peers that determine thier guilt
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Jury trial
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A program that payed for your collage education with the understanding that you would go into law enforcment upon graduation
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LEEP
Law Enforcment Education Program |
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Provided funds to assist in the professionalization of law enforcment
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LEAA
Law Enforcment Assistance Administration |
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Told Charges
Advised of rights Plea Entered |
Arraignment
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More than a year in prison is given for this magnitude of crime
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Felony
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Less than a year in prison is given for a crime of this magnitude
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Misdemeanor
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A hearing befor a magistrate judge in which the prosecution presents evidence to convince the judge that there is probable cause to bring the defendent to trial
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Preliminary Hearing
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What are some (4) sentenceing options
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Fine
Probation Incarceration Parole |
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Expected nomal behavior in society
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Social norms
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IN 1965 President Johnson declared a _______ to address the loss of confidence in the police
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War on Crime
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THe oldest known law
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Code of Hammurabi
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After 9/11, President bush declared a ________
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War on Terror
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What are the six steps of the criminal justice system
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1.Deciding what is a crime
2.Detecting a crime violation and making a arrest 3.Determine if the accused is to go to trial 4.Deciding guilt or innocence in the trial 5.Determining punishment 6.Administering punishment |
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What is the early theory of crime?
What is an example of this? |
They were based on religous and social morals. Thus Crime was an act of evil, or perhaps the work of the devil
Salem witch trials |
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What is the clasic theory of crime?
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Individuals have free will to choose wheather or not to commit crimes and that criminals should have rights in the criminal justice system
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Theory that criminals are unevoved humans
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Biologogical crime theory
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THe study of physical traits of criminals, done by Lombroso
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Atavistic stigmata
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The concept that behavior is not a matter of free will but is controlled by subcoscious desires, which includes the idea that criminal behavior is a result of unresolved internal conflict and guilt
Who's reserch is this based off of? |
Psychoanalytic theory
Sigmund Freud |
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Criminal behavior is dependent on disruptive social forces, not idvividual characteristics
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Sociological crime theory
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Theory that juvinal delinquency is caused by zones of social enviorments
ie. the closer you get to city center the higher the juvivial crime rate goes |
Zone theory
also called the Chicago school |
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The positive school believes that _____
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People comit crimes because of uncontrollable internal or external factors, wich can be observed and mesured
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Suggests that victims in some way contribute to or provoke crimes commited against them
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Victim-Precipitation theory
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A theoretical cronilogical mesurement of how often crime occurs
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FBI crime clock
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A database of information about reported crimes collected by the FBI
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UCR
Uniform Crime Report |
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What is the Hierarchy rule and how does it apply to UCR?
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It states that only the highest crime comited is reported. This would cause a crime such as a person being mugged at gun-point to be oly reported as robbery and not aggravated assault
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What are the eight UCR part I offenses
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1. Murder
2. Forcible Rape 3. Robbery 4. Aggravated Assault 5. Burglary 6. Larceny/Theft 7. Motor vehicle theft 8. Arson |
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The physical mesuments that Lombroso took were to define the _______
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Criminal Man
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"A rational system of jurisprudence provides for the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people" is the thought process of a
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Utilitarian
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A survey that gathers detailed information about crimes from victims using a representative sample of U.S. households
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NCVS
National Crime Victimization Survey |
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A database that includes specific data about reported crimes, including the place of occurance, wepon used, type and value of property damaged or stolen, and personal characteristics of any relationship between the offender and the victim
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NIBRS
National Inciden-Based Reporting System |
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Who stated:
Laws should be clear Laws should be rational Torture is wrong People are innocent until proven guilty |
Cesare Beccaria
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Individuals resort to crime out of frustration from being unable to attain economic conforts or success
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Conflict Theory
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Who stated: "people seek plesure while at the same time trying to avoid pain
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Jeremy Bentham
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Standards of behavior and privileges are established not by kings or religious leaders, but by rules that declare certain behaviors illegal or criminal and prescribe sanctions.
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Rule of Law
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All people, regardless of rank, title, position, welth, or status are accorded the same rights and privileges
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Rule of Law
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Acts which are prohibited because they are considered harmful in themselves
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Mala in se
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Acts which are prohibited because of the law, and not necessarily because they are harmful or inherently evil
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Mala Prohibita
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Laws that do not use clear and specific language to define prohibited behaviors cannot be upheld
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Void of Vagueness
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Classifies crimes into categories by victims as well as defines specific offences of crimes
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Model Penal Code
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Combines two less-serious offences (trespassing and intent to comit another crime)
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Burglary
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An action that goes beyond mere thought but does not result in a completed crime
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Inchoate Offence
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An element of crime in which people are punished for thier actions (just the action)
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actus reus
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A element of crime in which a person must have criminal intent (ie. guilty mid)
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mens rea
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the requesting or commanding of another person to do a crime
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Solicitation
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The planning by two or more people to commit a crime
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Conspiracy
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Liability without fault or intent
ie. Traffic violations Statutory rape Selling liquor to minors |
Strict liability
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What are six examples of justification
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1. Self defense
2. Defence of another 3. Defence o home and/or property 4. Necessity (ie. lesser of two evils) 5. Consent (ie. Boxing) 6. Resisting unlawful arrest |
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Unwriten, simply stated laws based on traditions and common understanding
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Common law
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A citizen can not be punished for actions commited before laws against the action were passed and the goverment can not incress the penalty of a specific crime after the crime was commited
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Ex Post Facto
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Unlawful, attempted or threatened inflicting, of serious injury upon another person
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Assault
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Unlawful infliction of serious injury upon another person
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Battery
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Burning or attempted burning of property, with or without the intent to defraud
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Arson
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Unlawful taking or attempted taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or contructive possession of another
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Larceny
(excludes grand theft auto) |
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Citizens can not be punished for conduct for which no law against in exists
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Priciple of Legality
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Legal claim by a defendent that he or she was suffering from a disease or mental defect and that the defect caused the defendent not to understand between right and wrong
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Insanity
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Rule for determining insanity, which asks the defendent if they knew what they were doing was wrong
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M'Naghten Rule
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The killing of one human by another
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Manslaughter
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Intentional killing of one human by another
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Murder
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First degree murder requires _____ while second degree does not
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Premeditation
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The three classes of manslaughter are
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Voluntary
Involuntary Vehicular |
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Unlawfully and violently depriving the victim of full use of any any part of thier body
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Mayhem
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The Model Penal code devides crime into what four catagories
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Crimes against the state
Crimes against persons Crimes against property Crimes against habitation |
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Founded the London metropolitan police
ie. A structured police force |
Sir Robert Peel
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What are the four levals of jurisdiction and where do each had athority?
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Federal- full athority anywhere in the US
State Police- full athority anywhere in the state Sheriff- athority anywhere in the county Municipal- authority anywhere in the city limits |
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The duties of a sheriff are (5)
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Serve as officers of the court
Operate county jails General law enforcment duties Contract law enforcment service to small towns Serve court papers |
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Noncrime-fighting services performed by police, such as mediation, providing for the welfare of vulnerable persons, and crime control and prevention
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Order Maintenance
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Decentralized policing programs that focus on crime prevention, quality of life in a community, public order, and alternatives to arrest
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Community Policing
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What are some challenges of community policing (name 4 out of 6)
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Restructuring of police departments
New focus on prevention and quality of life Pushes decition-making down to the line level Resisted by many officers as being soft on crime Less reliance on crime data Community partnership |
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The belief that ignoring public order violations and disruptive behavior leads to community neglect, which fosters futher disorder and crime
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Broken Window Theory
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Boss Tweed is commonly asisiated with ______________
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Tammany Hall
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Who is associated with the professional era? What were some of the advancment associated with this(6)?
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August Vollmer
Education Hiring standards Training Eliminate political influence Professionalize leadership |
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Committee that investigated police corruption in NYC in the early 1970s
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Knapp Commission
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What are the five stages of moral panic
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1. Emergence of the problem
2. Legitimitization of the problem 3. Mobilization of action 4. Formation of an official plan 5. Transformation of the official plan into implementation |
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The "evildoers" that cause moral panic are usually found _______ mainstrem society
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Outside
ie. Outside the triangle |
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The moral panic triangle is formed by what three groups
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Media
Politicians General public |
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Name six federal law enforcment agencies
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Marshal Services
Postal Inspection Service Secreat Service FBI ATF DEA |
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What does SARA stand for
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Scanning
Analysis Response Assessment |
